长春市大气环境PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃的来源解析及健康风险评价  

Source Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Environment PM_(2.5) in Changchun City

作　　者：李娜[1] 魏鑫 周宇峰 孙思玥 白莉[1] LI Na;WEI Xin;ZHOU Yu-feng;SUN Si-yue;BAI Li(School of Municipal and Environment Engineering,Jilin Jianzhu University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,长春130118

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2021年第1期410-416,共7页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017XFC0702705);国家自然科学基金(51508224);吉林省科技厅项目(20140520148JH)。

摘　　要：为研究长春市采暖期与非采暖期PM_(2.5)中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)的浓度和来源,于2017年10月25日—11月30日和2018年3月19日—4月30日共采集80个样品,监测PM_(2.5)的质量浓度的同时利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)进行16种多环芳烃的检测分析,结合比值法进行PAHs来源解析,并通过美国国家环境保护局健康风险评价模型进行健康风险评估。结果表明,采暖期和非采暖期PM_(2.5)的平均质量浓度分别为283.37μg/m^(3)和195.81μg/m^(3),是《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095—2012)的二级日标准限值的3.78倍和2.61倍。其中,16种PAHs均以中高环为主,芘(PYR)的浓度最高,采暖期和非采暖期所占比分别为76.03%、77.41%。特征比值法分析显示采暖期污染主要来自煤燃烧和汽车尾气排放的混合源,非采暖期主要来自汽油和柴油燃烧源。通过健康风险评价可知,在采样期间儿童与成年男性的三种暴露途径(呼吸吸入、皮肤暴露、口服摄入)致癌风险从大到小均为:皮肤暴露>呼吸吸入>口服摄入;而成年女性的三种途径的终生致癌风险(incremental lifetime cancer risk,ILCR)值从大到小为:口服摄入>皮肤暴露>呼吸吸入,其中采暖期的致癌风险值均高于非采暖期。在所有人群中,ILCR值均低于10^(-6),其致癌风险水平处于可接受状态。研究结果为长春市大气污染综合防治和环境管理提供科学依据。To determine the source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in PM_(2.5) during heating and non-heating periods in Changchun City,Jinlin,NE China,eighty samples were collected from October 25,2017 to November 30 and March 19,2018 to April 30.16 kinds of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS),and PAHs sources were analyzed by ratio method,health risk assessment was carried out through the health risk assessment model of USEPA(United States environmental protection agency).The results show that the average concentrations of PM_(2.5) during the heating period and non-heating period were 283.37 and 195.81μg/m^(3),respectively,which were 3.78 times and 2.61 times of the limit Ⅱ of China’s national standard(GB 3095—2012).The same was the concentration of pyrene in 16 kinds of PAHs were also the highest in both periods,accounting for 76.03% and 77.41%,respectively.Diagnostic ratios indicated that coal combustion and traffic emission are the main sources of PM_(2.5) in heating period,and traffic emission plays an important role in non-heating period.The health risk of PAHs was assessed by the model of incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR).The health risk values of the three exposure routes(inhalation,dermal exposure,ingestion)of children and adults men are ILCRdem>ILCRing>ILCRinh,while those of adult women are ILCRing>ILCRdem>ILCRinh.The risk value of carcinogenesis in heating period is higher than that in non-heating period.The ILCR value is lower than 10^(-6) in all groups,and the level of carcinogenic risk is acceptable.Therefore,this study provides a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and control of air pollution and environmental management in Changchun City.

关 键 词：PM_(2.5) 多环芳烃(PAHs) 长春市 来源解析 健康评价 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]