粉煤灰高值化利用研究现状与进展  

Research Status and Progress of High-value Utilization of Coal Fly Ash

作　　者：孙红娟[1] 曾丽[1,2] 彭同江 SUN Hongjuan;ZENG Li;PENG Tongjiang(Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;School of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Chengdu University,Chengdu 610106,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学固体废物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室,绵阳621010 [2]成都大学建筑与土木工程学院,成都610106

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第3期3010-3015,共6页Materials Reports

摘　　要：全球能源需求的快速增长为各种自然资源替代品的开发铺平了道路。然而,煤炭作为世界主要能源依然占据重要地位。2015年煤炭占全球能源供应的29%,预计到2035年,煤炭所占的能源比例仍将高达24%。粉煤灰作为燃煤发电厂的工业副产品,其产生量仍将在很长一段时间内高居不下。粉煤灰由于成分复杂及不合理的处理已经成为环境保护的关注重点。同时粉煤灰又是一种潜在的资源,亟待合理的资源化利用。目前,粉煤灰资源化利用涉及领域广,但高值化利用率偏低,高值化利用的前提是弄清粉煤灰的属性。粉煤灰是由实心或中空非晶质球形颗粒、不规则未燃尽碳颗粒和莫来石、石英、赤铁矿等矿物颗粒组成,不同产地粉煤灰的物理性质、化学成分和矿物成分有一定差异,其利用途径和目的也不尽相同。粉煤灰复杂的成分是高值化利用的一大障碍。然而,采用合理的分离技术可将有用组分(空心微珠、未燃尽的碳、磁性物质等)分离出来并进行高值化利用。粉煤灰的化学成分和矿物组成是地质聚合物、微晶玻璃和沸石等高附加值产品的低价原料。粉煤灰的化学成分以及原始粒度对地质聚合物的强度有较大影响,在粉煤灰制备地质聚合物时要在充分考虑其基本属性的基础上确定最佳工艺技术条件。依据粉煤灰的化学成分,以粉煤灰为原料制备的微晶玻璃主要有CaO-Al2O3-SiO2和MgO-Al2O3-SiO2两种体系,但其制备方法的能耗都较高,能耗较低的直接烧结法还需进一步研究推广。粉煤灰合成沸石的应用实验较多,却很少开展工业性试验。制备介孔二氧化硅和二氧化硅气溶胶实验的理论研究还不够深入,条件较难控制,距离工业化生产还有很长一段路。本文在粉煤灰的物理化学属性基础上综述了包括有用元素分离、地质聚合物合成、微晶玻璃和纳米多孔材料制备在内的粉煤The rapid growth of global energy demand has paved the way for the development of natural resources alternatives.However,coal still plays an important role in the world’s main energy source.Coal accounted for 29%of global energy supply in 2015,and it is estimated that by 2035,coal will still account for 24%of the energy.As an industrial by-product of coal-fired power plants,the amount of coal fly ash will remain high for a long time.Coal fly ash has become the focus of environmental concern due to its complex composition and unreasonable treatment.At the same time,coal fly ash is a potential resource,which urgently needs to be utilized reasonably.At present,the resource utilization of coal fly ash involves a wide range of fields,but the high-value utilization rate is low.The premise of high-value utilization is to study the properties of coal fly ash.Coal fly ash is composed of solid or hollow amorphous spherical particles,irregular unburned carbon particles and mineral particles such as mullite,quartz,hematite,etc.There are some differences in the physical properties,chemical composition and mineral composition of coal fly ash in different producing areas.Its utilization way and purpose also are not identical.The complex composition of coal fly ash is a major obstacle to high-value utilization.However,the useful components,such as hollow microspheres,unburned carbon,magnetic materials,etccan be separated from complex components by reasonable separation techniques.The chemical composition and mineral composition of fly ash are low-priced raw materials for high value-added products such as geopolymers,glass-ceramics and zeolites.The chemical composition and original particle size of coal fly ash have a great influence on the strength of geopolymers.The optimal technical conditions should be determined on the basis of fully considering the basic properties of coal fly ash when preparing geopolymers.According to the chemical composition of coal fly ash,the glass-ceramics prepared from coal fly ash mainly consist o

关 键 词：粉煤灰 属性 地质聚合物 微晶玻璃 沸石 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]