SiCf/SiC复合材料制备研究进展  

Research Progress on Preparation of SiC_f/SiC Composite

作　　者：杨博 余金山[1] 顾全超 王洪磊[1] 周新贵[1] YANG Bo;YU Jinshan;GU Quanchao;WANG Honglei;ZHOU Xingui(Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学新型陶瓷纤维及其复合材料重点实验室,长沙410073

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第3期3050-3056,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51372274)。

摘　　要：随着科学技术的不断发展,人类对极端条件下应用的材料的需求持续上升。SiC_f/SiC复合材料具有耐高温、高强高韧、耐氧化等优点,成为航空航天领域热端部件的理想候选材料;同时,SiC_f/SiC复合材料还具有低活化、抗辐照、高温化学稳定性好等优异性能,在核电领域结构材料的应用具有广阔的前景。常用的SiC_f/SiC复合材料的制备方法有化学气相渗透法、先驱体浸渍裂解法、热压烧结工艺和熔融浸渍法,其中化学气相渗透法和先驱体浸渍裂解法两种工艺已经应用于航空发动机静载热端部件的生产,但是这些工艺自身固有的不足在材料制备中依然无法较好地解决,于是近年来出现了混合采用多种工艺来制备SiC_f/SiC复合材料的尝试。Si C纤维和基体间需要有一层界面层来偏转裂纹、保护纤维,目前常用的界面材料有热解炭和六方氮化硼涂层,由于单一涂层较难满足材料在多种复杂条件下的应用需求,针对涂层改进的新方法和新思路层出不穷。相对于传统烧结工艺,新型烧结方式如微波烧结和放电等离子烧结等在烧结速度、温度均匀性等方面展示出巨大的优势,为陶瓷基复合材料的制备提供了新的选择。为了进一步提升SiC_f/SiC复合材料的性能,近年的研究工作主要集中在对SiC_f/SiC复合材料的制备方法的优化、纤维/基体界面层的创新和对烧结技术的选择等方面。本文从这些方面对SiC_f/SiC复合材料的研究进展进行了详细的归纳和介绍。With the development of science and technology,the demand for materials applied in extreme environment has increasing continuously.SiC_f/SiC composite,with the advantages of high temperature resistance,high strength,high toughness,and oxidation resistance,can meet the performance requirements of thermal structural materials in high-tech fields such as aerospace.Meanwhile,the excellent properties of SiC_f/SiC composite such as low activation,anti-radiation,and high-temperature chemical stability offer this material wide application prospects as nuclear structural materials The SiC_f/SiC composites are commonly prepared by chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),polymer infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP),hot-pressing sintering(HP)and melt infiltration(MI).Among of these methods,CVI and PIP have been applied in aircraft engines hot components.For these single preparation methods,the inherent shortcomings cannot be solved well during the material preparation processes,thus,a variety of new methods have been attempted to prepare SiC_f/SiC composites in recent years.For SiC_f/SiC composites,an interfacial layer is needed between the Si C fiber and the substrate interface to deflect cracks and protect the fiber.The currently used interface materials are pyrolytic carbon and hexagonal boron nitride.Usually a single coating is difficult to meet the application of the material under a variety of complex conditions,new methods of preparation interfacial layer are studied widely.Compared with the traditional sintering process,new sintering technologies such as microwave sintering and spark plasma sintering have shown great advantages in sintering speed and thermal uniformity,providing new options for the preparation of ceramic matrix composite materials.In order to further improving the performance of SiC_f/SiC composites,recent research works have focused on the optimization of SiC_f/SiC composites preparation methods,innovation of fiber/matrix interface layers,and study of new sintering technologies.In this paper,the research progre

关 键 词：SiC_f/SiC复合材料 混合制备工艺 纤维涂层 放电等离子烧结 微波烧结 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]