热处理工艺对钼金属板材组织和性能影响的研究进展  

Research Progress of the Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Microstructure and Properties of Molybdenum Sheet

作　　者：陈文静 胡平[1,2] 邢海瑞 夏雨 李世磊 左烨盖 王快社[1,2] 冯鹏发[3] 常恬 李来平[4] CHEN Wenjing;HU Ping;XING Hairui;XIA Yu;LI Shilei;ZUO Yegai;WANG Kuaishe;FENG Pengfa;CHANG Tian;LI Laiping(School of Metallurgy Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Functional Materials Processing,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Jinduicheng Molybdenum Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China;Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Mental Research,Xi’an 710016,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学冶金工程学院,西安710055 [2]西安建筑科技大学功能材料加工国家地方联合工程研究中心,西安710055 [3]金堆城钼业股份有限公司,西安710077 [4]西北有色金属研究院,西安710016

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第3期3141-3151,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0305600,2017YFB0306000);陕西高校青年创新团队(2019—2022);霍英东教育基金会(171101)。

摘　　要：金属钼是一种硬而坚韧的难熔金属,熔点高达2620℃,具有良好的耐腐蚀、抗蠕变和抗热震性,被广泛应用于航空航天、核工业及电子产业。钼及钼合金常通过粉末冶金制备,避免传统工艺制备工序复杂的同时保证了钼及钼合金的成分及成品质量。其体心立方结构和塑脆转变温度高,严重影响了钼和钼合金的成型加工性能及由资源向钼成品转化的经济效益。成型加工中常使用锻造和轧制手段进行变形,但是会造成严重的加工硬化。热处理工艺能简单有效地改善钼金属在加工过程中的残余应力、加工硬化等不利影响,提升产品的质量与性能。钼合金变形过程中,单向轧制时会产生{111}〈uvw〉织构,在较高的变形量下,织构发生偏转,转至{112}〈110〉;交叉轧制时趋向{100}〈uvw〉织构。轧制变形量为40%~90%,1200℃退火处理后钼合金板材均会完成再结晶,当温度升至1250℃以上时晶粒变得粗大,无论是单向轧制织构还是再结晶期间织构转化时〈110〉织构均会存在。加热速率较快(>100 K/min)的情况下,钼合金的晶粒尺寸更细小。钼中掺入Ti、Zr、La等元素,会在亚晶界或晶界处形成碳化物或氧化物,改变微观组织,提升了再结晶温度,热处理后断裂方式从脆性断裂转变为韧性解理断裂,提升了钼合金的综合力学性能。本文综述了纯钼和钼合金板材的变形量、热处理工艺参数对其组织和性能影响的研究,对简化、有效生产高质量的钼板材过程给予理论指导,同时削减热处理能耗,有助于发展绿色热处理技术,并对未来钼板材热处理研究方向提出了展望。Molybdenum is a hard and tough refractory metal with the melting point is up to 2620℃.It has good corrosion resistance,creep resistance and thermal shock resistance and is widely used in the aerospace,nuclear industry and electronics industry.Molybdenum and molybdenum alloys are usually prepared by powder metallurgy,which can avoid the complicated process of traditional preparation and ensure the composition and quality of molybdenum and molybdenum alloys.Due to its body-centered cubic structure and high plastic-brittle transition temperature,molybdenum and molybdenum alloy molding and processing are severely restricted,and the economic benefit transformation from resources to molybdenum products is severely restricted.Forging and rolling are often used in the forming process,but serious work hardening can be caused.Heat treatment process can simply and effectively improve the residual stress,work hardening and other adverse effects of molybdenum metal in the process of processing,and improve the quality and performance of products.During the deformation process of molybdenum alloy,{111}〈uvw〉texture will be generated in unidirectional rolling.At a high deformation amount,the texture will be deflected to{112}〈110〉.The{100}〈uvw〉texture tends to be in cross rolling.After annealing treatment at 1200℃,all the molybdenum alloy plates with rolling deformation of 40%—90%will complete recrystallization.When the temperature is above 1250℃,the grain size will be larger,and the texture〈110〉will exist in both unidirectional rolling texture and texture transformation during recrystallization.At a faster heating rate(>100 K/min),the grain size of the molybdenum alloy is finer.Molybdenum doped with Ti,Zr,La and other elements will form carbides or oxides at sub-grain boundaries or grain boundaries,change the microstructure,and raise the recrystallization temperature.After heat treatment,the fracture mode changed from brittle fracture to ductile cleavage fracture,which improved the comprehensive mechanical

关 键 词：钼合金 变形 热处理 微观组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG146[金属学及工艺—金属材料]