基于纳米仿生酶构建电化学生物传感器用于活性氧检测  

Electrochemical Biosensors Fabricated Using Nanomaterials-based Biomimetic Enzymes for Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species:a Review

作　　者：郝喜娟 赵沈飞 张春媚 胡芳馨 杨鸿斌 郭春显 HAO Xijuan;ZHAO Shenfei;ZHANG Chunmei;HU Fangxin;YANG Hongbin;GUO Chunxian(Institute of Materials Science and Devices,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009,China;Jiangsu Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Sensing and Biochip,Suzhou 215009,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学材料科学与器件研究院,苏州215009 [2]江苏省生化传感与芯片技术工程实验室,苏州215009

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第3期3183-3193,3218,共12页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21605110,21972102);江苏省双创团队(外国院士类)及双创人才。

摘　　要：活性氧是一类存在于人体内性质活泼的含氧物质的总称,紫外线、化学药品以及大气污染等都可以诱导人体内活性氧的产生。活性氧涉及多种生理和病理过程,是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癌症等多种疾病的信号分子,活性氧浓度的检测可以预测这些疾病。但活性氧半衰期短,活细胞释放量少,因此,快速准确地检测活性氧浓度对疾病的诊断和预防至关重要。电化学生物传感器具有操作简单、响应快、成本低、易于微型化等优点,适用于实时原位检测活性氧。它作为一种重要的活性氧检测平台而受到研究者们的密切关注。传感材料是电化学生物传感器的核心部分,决定着传感器的灵敏度、响应速度、线性范围和检出限。因此,合理设计传感材料是构建高性能活性氧电化学生物传感器的重要环节。纳米仿生酶因其独特的催化活性、选择性及稳定性,近年来被广泛用于构建活性氧电化学生物传感器。作为两种典型的纳米仿生酶,普鲁士蓝和磷酸锰受到研究者的关注。其中,普鲁士蓝因具有较高的过氧化氢催化活性和选择性,被称为"人工过氧化物酶",一般用于检测过氧化氢。磷酸锰是一种独特的锰盐,可通过歧化反应从水溶液中快速去除超氧化物,一般用于检测超氧负离子。为提高上述两种纳米仿生酶的导电性、催化活性和稳定性,研究者一般将它们与高导电性材料复合,并通过调控纳米仿生酶尺寸和增加附着量等手段制备高效复合材料。本文围绕上述两种典型的纳米仿生酶(普鲁士蓝和磷酸锰),总结了其相关电化学生物传感器在活性氧检测中的研究进展。首先介绍了两种典型纳米仿生酶及其复合材料的制备方法和物化特性,然后概括了它们分别在过氧化氢和超氧负离子电化学生物传感器中的最新进展,特别是对其物化特性和检测性能的关系进行了相关分析。�Reactive oxygen species(ROSs)are a class of oxygen-containing and active substances that are widely found in biological activities of human body.ROSs can be induced by ultraviolet radiation,chemicals and air pollution.Recent studies find that ROSs are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and are signaling molecules for several diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease and cancers.To quantitively detect ROSs can be used as a promising diagnostic tool for these diseases.However,ROSs always have a short half-life time,and their concentrations in living cells/organisms are very low.Additionally,there are many biological interferences co-existing with ROSs.Therefore,to realize sensitive and selective detection of ROSs in(or released from)living cells/organisms is still a great challenge.Electrochemical biosensors have advantages of simple operation,low cost,and easy miniaturization,and particularly can be used as sensing platforms for detection of ROSs due to their fast response and high specificity.Performance of an electrochemical biosensor is largely dependent on the electrode material(sensing material)that directly interacts with target ROSs molecules.Thus,to design and fabricate desired electrode materials is very important to construct high-performance electrochemical biosensors,which can detect ROSs with high selectivity,high sensitivity,good linear range and low detection limit.Nanomaterials-based biomimetic enzymes are nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics while avoiding the disadvantages of low stability of natural enzyme.They have been explored as electrode materials for electrochemical biosensors to detect ROSs.Among various nanomaterials-based biomimetic enzymes,Prussian blue and manganese phosphate have attracted great attention and have widely used in detecting hydrogen peroxide and superoxide,respectively.In this review,taking Prussian blue and manganese phosphate as examples,we summarize recent advances of electrochemical biosensors with nanomat

关 键 词：电化学生物传感器 纳米仿生酶 普鲁士蓝 磷酸锰 活性氧 过氧化氢 超氧负离子 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] O657.1[理学—分析化学]