苯并噁嗪树脂的研究新进展:智能化应用及能源、环境领域应用  

A Review on the New Development of Benzoxazine Resin:Use in Smart Materials and Energy and Environmental Applications

作　　者：李晓丹[1] 胡心雨 刘小平[1] 刘小清 申渝[2] 唐莹 冯佳成 LI Xiaodan;HU Xinyu;LIU Xiaoping;LIU Xiaoqing;SHEN Yu;TANG Ying;FENG Jiacheng(Chongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental Materials,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China;National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆工商大学催化与环境新材料重庆市重点实验室,重庆400067 [2]重庆工商大学智能制造服务国际科技合作基地,重庆400067

出　　处：《材料导报》2021年第3期3209-3218,共10页Materials Reports

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(cstc2019jscx-msxmX0050);重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN201900829);重庆市高校工业污染控制新技术创新群体(CXQT19023);催化与环境新材料重庆市重点实验室开放基金(CQCM-2017-02);重庆工商大学青年项目(1952015)。

摘　　要：苯并噁嗪树脂是一种高性能热固性树脂,因其具有高热稳定性、高残炭率、阻燃、低吸水率、低收缩率、固化过程中不释放副产物或副产物释放受限、良好的机械性能等特点,而成为酚醛树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂等高性能聚合物的有力替代品,在航空航天、电子电路板、共混物和合金等工业中得到了广泛的应用。虽然苯并噁嗪树脂有多种应用,但人们对聚苯并噁嗪的研究主要集中在复合材料的合成,以及替代传统的环氧树脂和酚醛树脂方面。由于聚苯并噁嗪包含叔胺和可形成氢键的酚羟基等独特的分子结构,同时具有高的分子设计灵活性,因此它在许多新兴领域同样具有不容忽视的应用潜力。在智能化应用方面,利用聚苯并噁嗪可以很容易地获得诸如电化学活性涂料、疏水表面等;而借助聚苯并噁嗪及其前驱体所具有的超分子结构,能够得到具有自修复功能的苯并噁嗪树脂;另外,还可利用苯并噁嗪构建形状记忆聚合物以及近红外(NIR)和多色电致变色材料。在能源、环境领域,由于N和O原子或硫醇、羧酸等官能团拥有金属结合能力,因此苯并噁嗪树脂可以用于吸附水中的金属离子;此外,含硫聚苯并噁嗪树脂还可用于锂硫电池正极。本文综述了聚苯并噁嗪类材料的智能化应用及在能源、环境领域的应用,并探讨了聚苯并噁嗪类材料的性能与结构之间的关系。Benzoxazine resin is a kind of high-performance thermosetting resin.Because of its high thermal stability,high char yield,flame retardant,low water absorption,low shrinkage,limited or no by-products during curing,and good mechanical properties,it has become an effective substitute for phenolic resin,bismaleimide resin and other high-performance polymers and been widely used in aerospace,electronic circuit board,blends and alloys industry.Although benzoxazine resins are widely used in several applications,the research of polybenzoxazine mainly focuses on the synthesis of composite materials and the substitution of traditional epoxy resin and phenolic resin.Because polybenzoxazine contains unique molecular structures such as tertiary amines and phenolic hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds,and has high flexibility in molecular design,its application potential in many emerging fields also deserves attention.In terms of intelligent application,electrochemically active coatings and hydrophobic surfaces can be easily obtained from polybenzoxazine;and self-healing function can be imparted to benzoxazine resin by virtue of the supramolecular structure of polybenzoxazine and its precursors;in addition,shape memory polymer,near infrared(NIR)and polychromatic electrochromic materials can also be constructed based on benzoxazine resin.In the fields of energy and environment,benzoxazine resin can be used to adsorb metal ions in water due to the metal binding ability of N and O atoms or functional groups such as mercaptans and carboxylic acids;moreover,sulfur-containing benzoxazine resin also can be used as positive electrode of lithium-sulfur battery.In this paper,the intelligent application of polybenzoxazine materials and their applications in the energy and environmental fields are reviewed,and the relationship between the properties and structures of polybenzoxazine is discussed.

关 键 词：聚苯并噁嗪 自修复 疏水表面 智能涂料 形状记忆聚合物 锂硫电池 电致变色材料 

分 类 号：TQ311[化学工程—高聚物工业]