近代西康移民浪潮与城市发展  

Research on Population Movement and Urban Development in Xikang in Modern Times

作　　者：黄俊棚[1,2] 刘杨 Huang Junpeng;Liu Yang(Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences,Chengdu,610072,Sichuan,China;School of Marxism,Southwest University of Finance and Economics,Chengdu,611130,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院,四川成都610072 [2]四川大学 [3]西南财经大学马克思主义学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《民族学刊》2020年第6期90-97,170,171,共10页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“20世纪上半叶西康地区城市发展研究(1900-1955)”(18XJC770007)阶段性成果;四川省社会科学规划青年项目“新中国成立以来四川凉山州城镇化的历史经验研究”(SC19C043)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：人口流动与城市发展有着密切的关系。近代以来,西康地区经历了两次大规模的移民浪潮,一次是清末民初在官府统筹下所进行的军事镇戍、垦殖、商贸等活动带动的移民潮,第二次是抗战时期的人口西进运动和西康建省所带来的移民潮。这两次移民潮规模巨大,其直接效果是西康地区城市人口规模的迅速扩大,促进了西康地区城市从经济到社会等各个方面的深刻变迁。移民潮使劳动力市场和产品消费市场进一步扩大,城镇化水平提高。同时人口增长为西康城市发展注入了新的活力,城市人口民族构成、职业构成成分趋于多样化,商人群体的壮大拓展了城市经济的发展空间,知识分子阶层随之兴起,城市空间结构与城市建设也发生重要改变,这为此后半个多世纪西康地区城市发展奠定了重要的基础。Population mobility results not only in a change in the spatial layout of population,but also in a change in personal behavior,way of life and values.It not only has a great impact on the economy and society of a single city,but also a far-reaching impact on the urban development patterns,urban systems and urbanization processes in a certain region.Since modern times,from the practice of gaitu guiliu policy(a policy implemented by the imperial central court for the replacement of native officials with royally appointed ones)in Chuanbian(Sichuan Special Border Region)caused by the border crisis at the end of the Qing Dynasty to the reconstruction of the political order in the southwest during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the political and economic status of the Xikang region changed significantly under the influence of geopolitics and other factors.Marked by its being established as a province,Xikang became a pivotal part of the rear area in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.At the same time,with the deepening influence of modern economy and the development of new-style education,it became an important economic and cultural center of China's southwest inland border region.During this period,under the influence of geopolitical factors,the Xikang region experienced two large-scale population spatial flows.The first was a wave of immigration driven by military garrisons,resettlement,commerce and other activities in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China.When Zhao Erfeng was in charge of Chuanbian,he used the human and financial resources of Sichuan Province to promote the development of his New Deal,and encouraged inland immigrants to move to Chuanbian,especially through the implementation of the measures of land reclamation,military training,mining and trade,to directly promote the immigration of a large number of Han people.Under the leadership and overall dispatch of the government,the geographical scope of the Han people expanded westward to Xiangchen

关 键 词：移民浪潮 西康 城市发展 

分 类 号：C952[社会学—民族学]