盐碱土施用硅钙渣对披碱草生长的影响及机制  

Growth of Elymus nutans in saline saline-alkali soil amended with calcium silicate slag:Performance and mechanism

作　　者：范朕连 贾阳杰 范远 宋慧平 冯政君 FAN Zhen-lian;JIA Yang-jie;FAN Yuan;SONG Hui-ping;FENG Zheng-jun(Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Shanxi University,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Effi-cient Utilization Technology of Coal Waste Resources,Shanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of High Value-added Utilization of Coal-related Wastes,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Science and Technology Ltd,Taiyuan 030006,China;Institute of Loess Plateau,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,国家环境保护煤炭废弃物资源化高效利用技术重点实验室,山西资源循环与生态环境创新基地,山西太原030006 [2]山西瑞恩泽科技有限公司,山西太原030006 [3]山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原030006

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第2期93-101,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB06031032);山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D421002);山西省揭榜招标项目(20191101007)资助。

摘　　要：盐碱土的改良和利用是人们关注的热点,脱硫石膏是常见的盐碱土改良剂之一。硅钙渣是粉煤灰提铝的副产物,富含钙和硅等有益于抗盐碱的元素,经烟气脱硫后性质与脱硫石膏相似,有应用于盐碱地改良的潜力。采用盆栽试验,探究盐碱土施用硅钙渣(硅钙渣施用量为0、10、25、50 g·kg^-1,以50 g·kg^-1脱硫石膏处理作为参照)对披碱草生长的影响及机制。结果表明:施用硅钙渣后的披碱草单株生物量增加0.4~1.6倍,总生物量增加2.8~6.8倍,根长增加3.16%~40.21%,株高增加9.07%~17.35%,以50 g·kg^-1的添加量效果最好。硅钙渣改善披碱草在盐碱土上生长的主要机制为:1)硅钙渣显著降低土壤pH并改善土壤的理化性质;2)硅钙渣促进了披碱草对钙(Ca)、硅(Si)等有益于抗盐碱元素的吸收,提高了植物的抗盐碱能力;3)施用硅钙渣后披碱草富钾拒钠的过程得到加强,细胞内K/Na提高,渗透压得到改善,减轻了盐碱胁迫对植物的伤害。综上,硅钙渣可有效改良盐碱土性质并促进披碱草的生长,为我国北方地区硅钙渣等煤基固废的资源化利用及盐碱土的改良提供了借鉴。Saline-alkali soil management is an issue of worldwide concern.Desulfurization gypsum is one of the common saline soil amendments.Silica-calcium slag is a by-product of aluminum extraction from fly ash.It is rich in calcium,silicon and other elements,which enhance the saline-alkali resistance of plants.Therefore,silica-calcium slag has the potential to improve saline-alkali soil after flue gas desulfurization.Silica-calcium slag at 0,10,25 and 50 g·kg^-1 soil,and 50 g·kg^-1 soil desulfurization gypsum as a comparison were applied as treatments mixed into saline-alkali soil in pot experiments to explore the effects on the growth of Elymus nutans.It was found that silicacalcium slag improved the growth of E.nutans in saline-alkali soil.The weight per plant of E.nutans was increased by a factor of 0.4-1.6,the total plant biomass per pot was increased by a factor of 2.8-6.8,the root length by3.16%-40.21%and the plant height by 9.07%-17.35%after the application of silica-calcium.The treatment with 50 g·kg^-1 silica-calcium slag applied was the best.Moreover,the performance of 50 g·kg^-1 silica-calcium slag was also better than that of 50 g·kg^-1 soil desulfurization gypsum in plant growth.The possible mechanisms were as follows:1)Incorporating silica-calcium slag and desulfurized gypsum significantly reduced the soil pH,which could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and alleviate the alkali stress to plants.2)Silica-calcium slag increased the absorption of Ca and Si by plants,which are beneficial for resisting salt and alkali stresses.3)Silicacalcium slag helped the plants to absorb more potassium and reject more sodium to improve the osmotic pressure of plant cells,increasing the intracellular K∶Na balance,thus reducing the harm from saline-alkali stress.This study shows that silica-calcium slag can effectively improve the properties of saline-alkali soil and promote the growth of E.nutans,providing a new option for the utilization of coal-based solid wastes and the improvement of saline-alka

关 键 词：硅钙渣 盐碱胁迫 披碱草 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]