禾豆混播与调亏灌溉对河西地区饲草产量、品质和水分利用的影响  

Effects of gramineae-legume mixed sowing and deficit irrigation on yield,quality and water use of forage grass in Hexi region

作　　者：安昊云 王皓 贾倩民 常生华[1] Shahzad Ali 刘永杰 张程[1] 侯扶江[1] AN Haoyun;WANG Hao;JIA Qianmin;CHANG Shenghua;SHAHZAD Ali;LIU Yongjie;ZHANG Cheng;HOU Fujiang(State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心/兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《草业科学》2021年第1期122-135,共14页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R50);国家自然科学基金(31901389、31672472);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(lzujbky-2019-33);兰州大学“双一流”引导专项-队伍建设-科研启动费(561119204);973国家重点基础研究计划课题(2014CB138706);2018年度甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(18ZD2FA009)。

摘　　要：本研究于2019年在河西地区设置青贮玉米(Zea mays)单播(Z)、青贮玉米–秣食豆(Glycine max)混播(ZG)和青贮玉米–拉巴豆(Dolichos lablab)混播(ZD)3个种植方式,每个方式下设置6种灌溉模式,研究不同种植方式和灌溉模式对饲草产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:1)ZG和ZD的鲜干草产量显著(P<0.05)高于Z,鲜草产量较Z分别增加19.1%和16.4%,干草产量分别增加12.7%和9.0%。同一种植方式下,后期轻度亏水(I4)、前期轻度亏水(I5)和充分灌溉处理(I6)的鲜干草产量显著(P<0.05)高于重度亏水(I1),平均鲜草产量较I1分别增加39.1%、45.9%和46.6%,平均干草产量较I1分别增加35.8%、44.2%和43.8%。2)混播处理较单播提高粗蛋白含量,明显降低淀粉、酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量,进而提高相对饲用价值(RFV),且ZG较Z显著(P<0.05)增加粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的产量。I5的平均粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和RFV显著(P<0.05)高于I1,6种灌溉模式中I5的粗蛋白、淀粉、粗脂肪和粗灰分的产量最高。3)ZG和ZD较Z显著提高(P<0.05)水分利用效率(WUE)。I5和I6的收获期土壤贮水量和蒸散量显著(P<0.05)高于I1,且I5的WUE显著(P<0.05)高于I4和I6。所有处理中ZG-I5的WUE以及粗蛋白、粗脂肪和淀粉的产量最高,并且鲜干草产量仅次于ZG-I6,该处理是适宜河西地区青饲玉米生产的栽培模式。In this study,single sown of forage maize(Zea mays)(Z),mixed sowing of forage maize and forage beans(Glycine max)(ZG)and forage maize dolichos lablab mixture(ZD)were planted in Hexi region in 2019.Six irrigation modes were set under each planting mode to study the effects of different planting and irrigation modes on the yield,quality and water use efficiency of forage grass.The results showed that:1)the fresh and hay yield of ZG and ZD treatments was significantly higher(P<0.05)than Z,the fresh grass yield increased by 19.1%and 16.4%,and the hay yield increased by12.7%and 9.0%,respectively.Under the same planting method,the fresh and hay yield of water deficit in later stage(I4),mild water deficit in early stage(I5)and full irrigation(I6)was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of severe water deficit(I1).Compared with I1 treatment,their average fresh grass yield increased by 39.1%,45.9%and 46.6%,respectively,and the average hay yield increased by 35.8%,44.2%and 43.8%,respectively.2)The results showed that mixed sowing treatments increased crude protein content,reduced starch,acid and neutral washing fiber,and further increased relative feeding value(RFV),and ZG treatment significantly(P<0.05)increased crude protein,crude fat and crude ash yield compared with Z.The average crude protein,crude fat content and RFV of I5 treatment were significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of I1.The yield of crude protein,starch,crude fat and crude ash of I5 treatment were the highest among the six irrigation modes.3)The data showed that ZG and ZD treatments significantly improved(P<0.05)the water use efficiency(WUE)compared with that under Z.The soil water storage and evapotranspiration of I5 and I6 treatments were significantly higher(P<0.05)than I1,and the WUE of I5 was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that under I4 and I6.The WUE,crude protein,crude fat and starch of ZG-I5 treatment were the highest in all treatments,and the fresh hay yield of ZG-I5 was just below that of ZG-I6.This treatment was the best suitable cultivation

关 键 词：调亏灌溉 秣食豆 拉巴豆 品质 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]