苦瓜干物质分配和养分吸收规律研究  

Study on the Distribution of Dry Matter and Nutrient Absorption of Bitter Gourd

作　　者：张金铭 杨衍[2] 戚志强[2] 杜公福[2] 牛玉[2] 韩旭[2] ZHANG Jinming;YANG Yan;QI Zhiqiang;DU Gongfu;NIU Yu;HAN Xu(College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571011)

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口571011

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第1期7-14,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31601747);中国热带农业科学院热带蔬菜产业技术创新团队资助项目(1630032017029);海南省重大计划科技资助项目(ZDKJ2017001,ZDYF2018239)。

摘　　要：以苦瓜品种"热科1号"为试材,采用盆栽的方式,研究了苦瓜干物质分配和大量(N、P、K)、中量(Ca、Mg)、微量(Zn、B)养分的吸收规律,以及干物质积累量与养分积累量的相关性,以期为实际生产中的肥料施用提供参考依据,实现养分的合理分配和利用。结果表明:苦瓜总的干物质积累比例为根∶茎蔓∶叶片∶果实=1∶31.24∶27.80∶31.49。各元素吸收比例为N∶P∶K=1.00∶0.15∶1.33;Ca∶Mg=1.00∶0.19;Zn∶B=1.00∶1.60。按照平均生产1 000 kg苦瓜计算,所需要的N含量为5.48 kg,P含量为0.84 kg,K含量为6.21 kg,Ca含量为2.44 kg,Mg含量为0.47 kg,Zn含量为0.02 kg,B含量为0.04 kg。苦瓜的干物质积累量与养分积累量呈显著正相关。苦瓜养分吸收整体表现为K>N>P>Ca>Mg>B>Zn。在实际生产中,应该注意各种养分的合理配施,在结果期适当增加B肥的投入比例,可以增加果实的养分积累,从而提高产量。The bitter gourd variety ’Reke 1’ was used as the test material,with the method of potted,the dry matter distribution and the absorption of major element(N,P and K),medium element(Ca and Mg) and micro element(Zn and B) of bitter gourd,as well as the correlation between dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation was studied,in order to provide theoretical basis for the application of fertilizers in practical production and realize the reasonable distribution and utilization of nutrients.The results showed that the ratio of total dry matter accumulation was root∶stem∶leaf∶fruit=1.00∶31.24∶27.80∶31.49.The absorption ratio of each element was N∶P∶K=1.00∶0.15∶1.33;Ca∶Mg=1.00∶0.19;Zn∶B=1.00∶1.60.According to the average production of 1 000 kg bitter gourd,the content of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,B required were 5.48 kg,0.84 kg,6.21 kg,2.44 kg,0.47 kg,0.02 kg and 0.04 kg respectively.The correlation between dry matter accumulation and nutrient accumulation of bitter gourd was significantly positive.The amount of nutrient absorption of bitter gourd was K>N>P>Ca>Mg>B>Zn.In the practical production,it should be noted the reasonable application of various nutrients.In the fruit stage of bitter gourd,the proportion of B fertilizer input was increased appropriately to improve the nutrient accumulation of fruit and yield.

关 键 词：苦瓜 干物质分配 养分吸收 大量元素 中量元素 微量元素 相关性分析 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]