大白菜与芥菜型油菜种间杂种的获得与鉴定  

Obtain of Interspecific Hybrid Between Chinese Cabbage and Brassica juncea and Characterization

作　　者：胡静轩 刘富强 张乐强 王彦华[3] 轩淑欣[3] 张巍巍[1] HU Jingxuan;LIU Fuqiang;ZHANG Yueqiang;WANG Yanhua;XUAN Shuxin;ZHANG Weiwei(College of Life Science,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001;Baoding Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baoding,Hebei 071000;College of Horticulture,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学生命科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]保定市农业科学院,河北保定071000 [3]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《北方园艺》2021年第3期52-56,共5页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：河北省科学技术研究与发展计划资助项目(16226304D-2);河北省教育厅课题“生物技术”品牌特色专业建设研究资助项目(2012GJJG054);教育部、河北省教育厅“生物技术”专业综合改革试点资助项目(201202);河北省高等教育教学改革研究资助项目(2012GJJG058)。

摘　　要：以大白菜‘A03’(2n=2x=20,AA)和芥菜型油菜‘AABB’(2n=4x=36,AABB)为试材,通过杂交获得了大白菜-芥菜型油菜异源三倍体(2n=3x=AAB=28)。结果表明:该三倍体生长势较强;叶色均较亲本深,株型偏向于芥菜型油菜,叶片、花、花蕾同时兼具了两亲本性状。减数分裂行为观察表明,在终变期,一般形成二价体、单价体和多价体,A基因组和B基因组染色体表现出部分同源性;中期I存在1~8条游离染色体;后期I存在落后染色体、染色体丢失及姊妹染色单体提前分离等异常现象,分到两极的染色体数目之和多大于28条;后期II分到每极的染色体数变异为10~15条,大多数为12~13条,同时有染色体片段存在。大白菜-芥菜型油菜异源三倍体(AAB)的获得为创建AA+B染色体的异附加系和研究A、B基因组间的亲缘关系奠定了基础。Chinese cabbage’A03’(2n=2x=20,AA)and Brassica juncea’AABB’(2n=4x=36,AABB)were used as materials to obtain the allotriploid(2n=3x=AAB=28).The results showed that the growth potential of the triploid was stronger,the leaf color was deeper than the two parents,and the plant type was biased towards B.juncea.The leaves,flowers and buds also had both the traits of the two parents.The meiosis observation showed that at the diakinesis,bivalent,univalent and multivalent were generally formed,and homeology were showed between A genome and the B genome;At metaphase I,1-8 isolated chromosomes were often observed.At anaphase I,there were more abnormal phenomena such as chromosomes lagging,chromosome lossing and chromatids earlier separating,the sum of the number of chromosomes divided in to two poles were morethan 28.At anaphase II,the number of chromosomes assigned to each pole varied from 10 to 15,most of which were 12-13,and chromosome fragments existed.The obtain of Chinese cabbage-B.juncea allotriploid(AAB)laid the foundation for creatingalien addtion line with AA+B chromosome and studying the genetic relationship between A and B genomes.

关 键 词：大白菜 芥菜型油菜 种间杂交 异源三倍体 减数分裂 

分 类 号：S436.341[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]