稀有树种红果榆种实发芽特性与苗期种源筛选初报  

Preliminary Research on Germination Characteristics of Seeds and Provenance Screening of Ulmus szechuanica,a Rare Tree Species

作　　者：周忠胜 张文豹 曾雷 王津宁 金雅琴[2] ZHOU Zhong-sheng;ZHAN Wen-bao;ZENG Lei;WANG Jin-ning;JIN Ya-qin(Nanjing Binjiang Park Manage Limited Company,Nanjing 210019,China;Department of Horticulture Jinling Institute of Technology,Nanjing 210038,China)

机构地区：[1]南京滨江公园管理有限公司,江苏南京210019 [2]金陵科技学院园林园艺学院,江苏南京210038

出　　处：《特产研究》2021年第1期29-32,共4页Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research

基　　金：南京市绿化园林局科技计划项目(YLKJ202009JH);南京市建设行业科研项目(Ks2042)。

摘　　要：为研究稀有树种红果榆种子发芽特性,探索有效的实生苗培育方法,筛选适于地方林业发展的优良种源。以红果榆原产地镇江南山和杭州西天目山种源为试验材料,通过播种试验研究了红果榆种实性状和发芽特性,分析了种源不同对种子发芽时间、发芽质量、幼苗生长及育苗质量的影响。结果表明,(1)红果榆为典型的翅果,无休眠习性,适于当年采种当年育苗。(2)子叶出土萌发,子叶为2枚,圆状倒卵形,长5.5~7.5 mm、宽4.5~6 mm,先端平圆,基部箭形,全缘。(3)杭州西天目山种源的种子发芽出土始期、出土盛期和出土末期均晚于镇江南山种源,两者相差近15 d;但两者的种子发芽率、发芽势存在显著差异(P<0.05),杭州西天目山种源的发芽率和发芽势分别为87.45%、76.33%,分别比后者提高22.25%和20.83%。(4)杭州西天目山种源幼苗生长量显著高于镇江南山种源。杭州西天目山种源1年生实生苗的苗高、地茎年均生长量分别是镇江南山种源的1.17、1.04倍,平均根长、单株鲜重和单株干重分别是镇江南山种源的1.51、1.11和1.18倍。结论:杭州西天目山种源是红果榆实生苗培育的优选种源。To explore the technical method of seedling cultivation of Ulmus szechuanica,screening good provenances which is suitable for local forestry development,provenances of Zhenjiang Nanshan and Hangzhou West Tianmu Mountains were selected as experimental material,fruit characters,germination characteristics of U.szechuanica seedlings were researched,and the effects of provenance on seed germination time,germination quality,seedling growth and seedling quality were revealed.The results showed that,(1)The fruit of U.szechuanica was a typical pterocarpus,it’s seed was small,oval,0.24-0.25 cm long,0.22-0.31 cm wide,and had no dormancy habit,so seedling raising could use collected fruits in the current year.(2)The cotyledons were unearthed germination,the count of cotyledon was two,and obovate was oblong.5.5-7.5 mm long and 4.5-6 mm wide,the apex is flat round,the base is arrow-shaped.(3)The provenance of Zhenjiang Nanshan provenance was earlier than that of the west Tianmu Mountains in Hangzhou at the beginning of sprouting,the peak period of unearthed and the late stage of unearthed,and the difference between the two provenances was nearly 15 days.But the germination rate and germinating potential of the provenance of West Tianmu Mountains in Hangzhou were 8.457%and 76.33%,which were obviously higher than those of the Nanshan in Zhenjiang.The analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in seed germination rate and germination potential among different provenances(P<0.05).(4)The annual height growth of the provenances of West Tianmu Mountains in Hangzhou was obviously larger than the Nanshan provenances of Zhenjiang.The annual seedling height,ground diameter,fresh weight per plant and dry weight per plant were 116 cm,12.7 mm,24.22 g and 9.17 g respectively.It is concluded that the provenance of Tianmu Mountains in Hangzhou is an excellent provenance for the propagation of U.szechuanica,which should be widely used in forestry production.

关 键 词：红果榆 种实性状 发芽特性 种源筛选 

分 类 号：S723.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]