嘉兴市北部湖荡区水生态系统健康评价  

Health Status Assessment of Aquatic Ecosystem in Northern Lake Area of Jiaxing City

作　　者：迟明慧 马迎群[1,2] 赵艳民 曹伟[1,2] 秦延文 CHI Minghui;MA Yingqun;ZHAO Yanmin;CAO Wei;QIN Yanwen(Institute of Water Ecology and Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuary and Coastal Environment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水生态环境研究所,北京100012 [2]国家环境保护河口与海岸带环境重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2020年第8期177-184,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07206-001-03)。

摘　　要：湖荡是重要的自然生态系统,在蓄水、排水、保水、净水等方面均发挥着重要作用。该文针对嘉兴市北部湖荡区的11个湖荡,进行水生态系统健康评价。按区域特点,选取水质、沉积物和水生生物群落中的10个代表指标,结合层次分析法和主观赋值法决定指标权重,采用分位数法确定对应标准。结果表明,2017-2018年间,研究区水生态健康整体属于"良"。其中,13.33%的采样点水生态健康状况为"优",86.67%为"良"。枯水期、平水期和丰水期各点位的水生态健康综合指数变化范围分别为0.48~0.61、0.55~0.64和0.44~0.65,平均值分别是0.61、0.64和0.65。由于枯水期水生态受污水处理厂出水影响较大,水生态健康状况劣于平水期和丰水期。从空间变化来看,东部3个湖荡(北许漾、内汾湖、西浒荡)的水生态状况整体较好,而西部2个湖荡(天花荡、西雁荡)则相对较差。研究区的水生态健康主要受水动力特征、人类活动强度和污染入河量影响,因此水流缓慢、闸坝多,人类活动强度和入河污染物量大是导致区域水生态健康变差的主要原因。Limnetic ecosystem plays a significant role in the whole natural ecosystem,which provides functions such as water storage,drainage and conservation,as well as purification of water bodies.In this paper ecosystem health status of 11 lakes in the northern area of Jiaxing City were evaluated;this study included the selection of 10 representative indicators of water quality,sediment and aquatic biological community according to the regional characteristics,and the determination weight of indicators by analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and subjective evaluation method,and the corresponding standards by quantile method.The evaluation indicated that during the period from 2017 to 2018,the water ecological health status of the study area was good in general,and 13.33%were excellent while 86.67%were good at the sampling points;the comprehensive index of water ecological health in dry season,normal season and wet season was 0.48~0.61,0.55~0.64 and 0.44~0.65,respectively,with respective average values of 0.61,0.64 and 0.65.The ecological health status in dry season,which was rather affected by the effluent from the local sewage treatment plant,was worse than those in normal season and wet season.As to the spatial variation,the water ecological status of the three lakes in the east part of the city,i.e.Beixuyang,Neifenhu and Xihudang,was good,while that of other two lakes in the west,i.e.Tianhuadang and Xiyandang,was relatively poor.The water ecological health in the study area was significantly affected by the hydrodynamic characteristics,the intensity of human activities and the amount of pollution into the river.Therefore,the low flow velocity,the strong intensity of human activities and the large amount of pollutants into the river were the main reasons for the deterioration of the regional water ecological health.

关 键 词：层次分析法 水生态系统 综合健康指数 健康评价 嘉兴市 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]