“动静”“好歹”非偏义复词说——兼论反义复词的中性词语义偏移现象  

The Study of Dongjing(动静) and Haodai(好歹) Being not Compounds with Partial Meaning——Also On the Semantic Slant of Compound Antonyms

作　　者：许红菊 XU Hong-ju(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing Zhejiang 314000,China)

机构地区：[1]嘉兴学院文法学院,浙江嘉兴314001

出　　处：《语言研究》2021年第1期77-85,共9页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：浙江省教育厅一般科研项目“基于语料库的反义复词偏义的性质与成因再探”(Y202044884)。

摘　　要："动静"、"好歹"并非偏义复词。"动静"与"好歹"均通过概括其正反两极的意义而发生词汇化,分别形成了"行为举止"义、"(探察的)情况"义和"(好坏的)结果"义、"(好坏的)情况"等多种整体概括性意义。其中,"动静"和"好歹"的"情况"义后又都在"有/无+N"句式中发生了中性词的语义偏移现象,在语境中临时偏指"动(变化)"的情况与"歹(不好)"的情况,并在高频使用中逐渐固化,分别引申出"动作或说话的声音"义和"危险、灾祸"义。这种"偏义"是在业已形成的词汇整体意义基础上通过语用推理形成的会话含义固化而来,跟通常所说的"偏义复词"的定义和性质截然不同。Dongjing(动静)and Haodai(好歹)are not compounds with partial meaning.These two words were both lexicalized by summarizing their positive and negative meanings,with forming a variety of overall general meanings,such as"behaviors and activities","(spied or investigated)situations","(good or bad)results"and so on.Among them,the meanings of"situation"of Dongjing(动静)and Haodai(好歹)were used in the sentence pattern of"You(有)/Wu(无)+N"afterwards,resulting in the phenomenon of Semantic Deviation of Neutral Words.In the context,they temporarily referred to the"Dong(动change)"and"Dai(歹bad)"situations,from which the meanings of"voice of action or speaking"and"danger and disaster"were respectively derived in high-frequency use.These deviated meanings originate from the solidification of conversational implicature formed by pragmatic inference on the basis of the overall general meaning of a word,totally different from the compounds with partial meaning as commonly known.

关 键 词：“动静” “好歹” 偏义复词 中性词语义偏移 会话含义 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]