自动观测与人工观测的短历时雨量差异分析  

The difference between short-duration rainfall by automatic recording and manual observation

作　　者：方怡 陈城[2] 胡昌琼 向芬[2] FANG Yi;CHEN Cheng;HU Changqiong;XIANG Fen(Hubei Provincial Meteorological Service Center,Wuhan 430074;Hubei Meteorological information and technological Support Center,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]湖北省气象服务中心,武汉430074 [2]湖北省气象信息与技术保障中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2021年第1期94-100,共7页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2018Q12);湖北省气象局科技发展基金项目(2021Z09)。

摘　　要：利用湖北省内黄石等11个国家气象站2005—2007年自动观测、人工观测同期分钟雨量数据,分别逐年滑动提取5、10、15、20、30、45、60、90、120、150、180 min这11个短历时的最大雨量值及开始时间。从时间偏差、雨量偏差、设定时间偏差范围三方面分析两种观测下的短历时雨量差异,并利用分析结果建立了自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量关系方程。结果表明:(1)从自动观测、人工观测分钟数据中提取短历时雨量时,对降水过程判断基本一致,选取同一降水过程,各降水历时70%以上样本数据的开始时间偏差基本在0~10 min。(2)各历时自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量提取结果比较吻合,两者雨量偏差范围在±10%以内的情况占样本总数的68.6%,且自动较人工观测短历时雨量偏大的情况居多,占样本总数的60.9%。(3)设定时间偏差范围为0~5 min,自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量提取结果非常吻合。将时间偏差缩小到0~2 min,吻合度进一步提高。(4)分别建立了11个降水历时自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量关系方程,两套数据相关系数达到0.92以上,自动观测、人工观测短历时雨量变化非常一致。Using the minute rainfall data by Automatic Recording and Manual Observation at the same period from 2005 to 2007 years,which come from 11 national weather stations in Hubei Province,such as Huangshi station.Extracted the maximum rainfall and the corresponding time year by year,and durations of rainfall are 5,10,15,20,30,45,60,90,120,150,180 minutes respectively.The deviation of time,the deviation of rainfall,and the deviation of rainfall within the specific time are analyzed.The result shows,the deviation of the starting time range from 0 to 10 minutes basically,Most of them accounting for more than 70.0% of the samples.The two sets of data selected the same precipitation process,and the judgment of the precipitation process were basically the same.The range of the rainfall deviation is basically within ±10%,accounting for 68.6% of the total samples.Accounting for 60.9% of the samples,the automatic data are larger than the manual one.Setting the time deviation range from 0 to 5 mins,when the automatic and short-duration rainfall data deviation is within ±10% and ±5%,the sample ratio is 76.6% and 54.4%,respectively.Reducing the time deviation to less than 2 mins,and the short-duration rainfall results extracted from the two sets of data are much more consistent.Using the analysis results above,The relation equations of short-duration rainfall between the Automatic and Manual data were established.

关 键 词：自动观测 人工观测 短历时雨量 差异分析 雨量关系方程 

分 类 号：P412.13[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]