孟德斯鸠论人口问题的法律意义——基于《论法的精神》的考察  

Montesquieu’s Discussion on the Legal Significance of Population Issues——Based on the Investigation of“The Spirit of the Law”

作　　者：刘丽娜 蒋海松[1] LIU Li-na;JIANG Hai-song(Law School,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学法学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2020年第4期63-70,共8页Science Economy Society

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“‘法律东方主义’的中国误读反思研究”(15CFX011)。

摘　　要：人口问题在法国思想家孟德斯鸠的理论架构中具有重要地位。孟德斯鸠认为法的精神存在与其他事物的紧密关联之中,其中人口就是影响"法的精神"的重要因素。他考察了诸多国家人口状况与人口制度,发现古希腊控制人口增长,而古罗马、现代欧洲国家鼓励人口繁殖,这些差异极大地影响到了该国的法律制度。不同国家不同时代的立法与促进人口增殖或者控制人口增长的目的息息相关。中国古代政体和治理手段也是应对过剩农村人口和小农经济的产物。孟德斯鸠的人口理论启发我们,必须高度重视人口问题带来的政治法律影响,通过科学立法化解人口问题。当下中国正面临人口红利期即将逝去、刘易斯拐点即将到来的窘境,必须综合推进,以法律为引导完善全面二孩政策,以适度刺激人口繁殖。The population problem plays an important role in the theoretical framework of Montesquieu,the French thinker.Montesquieu believed that the spirit of law is closely related to other things,among which population is an important factor affecting the"spirit of law".He inspected the demographic conditions and population systems of many countries and found that ancient Greece controlled population growth,while ancient Rome and modern European countries encouraged population reproduction.These differences greatly affected the legal system of the country.The legislations of different countries and different eras are closely related to the purpose of promoting population growth or controlling population growth.An ancient Chinese regime and governance methods are also the products of dealing with surplus rural population and small-scale peasant economy.Montesquieu’s population theory enlightens us that we must attach great importance to the political and legal influences of population issues and resolve population issues through scientific legislations.At present,China is facing the dilemma that the demographic dividend period is about to pass and the Lewis turning point is about to come.Different methods must be comprehensively promoted,and the comprehensive two-child policy must be improved under the guidance of the law to appropriately stimulate population reproduction.

关 键 词：孟德斯鸠 《论法的精神》 人口制度 中国古代人口 人口理论 生育人口政策 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]