精准识贫的顶层设计与调适性执行——贫困识别的中国经验  

Top-level Design and Adaptive Implementation of Targeted Poverty Identification Policy——China's Experience of Targeting the Poor

作　　者：王中原 WANG Zhongyuan

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院 [2]复旦大学当代中国研究中心

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期22-34,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：复旦大学政治学高峰学科项目资助。

摘　　要：贫困人口的精准识别是脱贫攻坚的“第一颗扣子”,也是“扶真贫、真扶贫”的根本要义所在。贫困识别的方式方法是否科学、识别的过程是否规范、识别的结果是否准确是决定整个扶贫工作能否成功的关键,同时影响到扶贫的社会评价和政治效果。新时期的脱贫攻坚探索出一套“顶层设计与调试性执行相结合”的精准识贫制度。一方面,通过顶层设计确立全国统一的识别标准、程序、规模、时间,并依托“中央统筹、省负总责、市县落实”的责任机制将识别任务分解实施。另一方面,在空间维度上,各地在贫困识别的程序安排、工作方法、否决政策和操作机制等方面因地创变,推动了顶层设计的有效落地。在时间维度上,对识别标准、程序、规模、工作重心、关注对象等进行逐年调试,确保了贫困识别的“动态精准”。通过构建“顶层设计与调试性执行相结合”的贫困人口识别模式,新时期的精准扶贫在中国历史上首次实现对全国贫困人口分布状况和致贫原因的精准把握,为2020年决胜全面建成小康社会打下了坚实基础,也是贫困治理中国经验的重要组成部分。Accurate identification of the poverty-stricken population is the“first button”in the targeted poverty alleviation program,and it is also the basic requirement of“alleviating real poverty;real poverty alleviation”.Whether the method of poverty identification is scientific,whether the identification process is standardized,and whether the identification result is accurate will be the key to the success of the entire poverty alleviation project,and these also affect the public evaluation and political effects of the targeted poverty alleviation program in China.In the new era of poverty reduction,China has ex-perimented with an innovative set of precision-based poverty identification system that“combines top-level design and adap-ted implementation”.On the one hand,the national unified standards,procedures,scale,and time for poverty identifica-tion are established through the top-level design,and the identification tasks are then divided and carried out based on the responsibility system of“the center coordinates,provinces take overall responsibility,and cities and counties implement”.On the other hand,on the spatial dimension,sub-national practices in poverty identification procedures,work methods,ve-to policies,and operating mechanisms have adapted from place to place,which have promoted the effective implementation of the top-level design.On the time dimension,identification standards,procedures,scale,the focus of work,and targeted groups have been adjusted year by year to ensure the“dynamic accuracy”of poverty identification.By constructing a new poverty identification model that combines top-level design and adapted implementation,targeted poverty alleviation in the new era becomes the first in Chinese history to accurately evaluate the precise distribution of the poor population and the causes of poverty.It has laid a solid foundation for achieving a decisive victory in 2020 to build a well-off society in an all-round way in China.It also constitutes an important part of China's experience

关 键 词：精准扶贫 精准识别 顶层设计 政策调试 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]