甘蔗脱毒原种苗生物量累积特征及水分需求研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Biomass Accumulation and Water Requirement of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings

作　　者：蒋淑停 彭李顺[2] 曹峥英 杨本鹏[2] 杨学[2] JIANG Shuting;PENG Lishun;CAO Zhengying;YANG Benpeng;YANG Xue(College of Horticulture,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学园艺学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/中国热带农业科学院甘蔗研究中心/农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,海南海口571101

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第1期72-78,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系(甘蔗)建设专项资金(CARS-170716)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长和水分需求规律,为甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育栽培和水分管理提供参考依据。【方法】通过分析甘蔗脱毒原种苗的干物质量累积规律,结合广西扶绥试验基地气象数据的采集,采用作物系数法计算广西扶绥县甘蔗脱毒原种苗各生长发育时期的作物需水量及水分盈亏量。【结果】甘蔗脱毒原种苗干物质量积累主要集中在茎伸长生长期,8月中旬开始拔节至10月下旬,平均每日干物质累积量达2.92 g,11月后干物质量日均累积速率减缓至1.77 g,至12月下旬可收获约15节健康种茎。甘蔗脱毒原种苗需水量整体呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,其中8月中旬至9月下旬需水量最大,日需水量达5.5 mm。甘蔗脱毒原种苗生育期内广西扶绥试验地降雨主要集中在7月中旬至9月中旬,累积降雨量达177.9 mm,9月下旬至12月降雨较少,累积降雨量仅22.3 mm。甘蔗脱毒原种苗仅苗期表现为水分盈余,其余时间7月下旬至12月水分表现为持续亏缺,总亏缺量达473.4 mm。【结论】明确了甘蔗脱毒原种苗干物质量累积特征和水分需求规律,为今后甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育和规模化生产过程中合理栽培和科学灌溉提供理论依据和参考。【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the rules of growth and water requirement of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings,and provide a reference for the field breeding and water management of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings.【Method】In this study,by analyzing the dry matter accumulation rule of the disease-free sugarcane seedlings with the meteorological data of Guangxi Fusui Experimental Base,the crop coefficient method was used to calculate the water requirement and water deficit in each growth period of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings in Fusui County,Guangxi.【Result】The dry matter accumulation of the disease-free sugarcane seedlings was mainly concentrated in the growth period of stem elongation.The stem elongation stage started from mid-August to the end of October,with an average daily dry matter accumulation of 2.92 g.After November,the average daily dry matter accumulation rate decreased to 1.77 g,and about 15 healthy stems could be harvested in late December.The water requirement of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings showed a decline trend after an initial ascent.In the period of mid-August to late September,the water requirement was the largest,and the daily water requirement reached 5.5 mm.During the growth periods of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings,the rainfall at the Fusui test site in Guangxi was mainly concentrated from mid-July to mid-September,with a cumulative rainfall of 177.9 mm,and less rainfall from late September to December,with a cumulative rainfall of only 22.3 mm.The disease-free sugarcane original seedlings showed water surplus only at the seedling stage,and the water deficit continued from late July to December,with a total deficit of 473.4 mm.【Conclusion】Through the above analysis,the dry matter accumulation characteristics and water requirement rules of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings were clarified,which provided theoretical basis and references for rational cultivation and scientific irrigation in

关 键 词：甘蔗 脱毒苗 干物质量 需水量 水分盈亏量 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S274[农业科学—农艺学]