火龙果砧木与接穗参数的研究  

Study on Parameters of Rootstock and Scion About Grafting of Pitaya

作　　者：戴宏芬[1] 李俊成 潘玉珠 孙清明[1] DAI Hongfen;LI Juncheng;PAN Yuzhu;SUN Qingming(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第1期79-86,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2018B020202011);广东省农业农村厅项目(2020KJ257);广东省现代农业产业技术体系优稀水果创新团队建设项目(2019KJ116);广东省乡村振兴战略专项(粤农计﹝2018﹞37号、粤财农﹝2019﹞73号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究火龙果嫁接技术中砧木与接穗选择的具体参数,以提高嫁接成活率和出芽速度,完善火龙果嫁接技术。【方法】以红水晶6号火龙果为试材,砧木取自不同长度的老熟或绿熟茎蔓,选取砧木在茎蔓中相对位置(砧位)、嫁接方法、接穗芽数、接穗成熟度等因素,采用混合正交或正交设计进行嫁接试验;根据接穗是否萌芽、出芽时间等分别对砧木长度、质量、砧木质量/长度比、砧木周长、接穗长度等砧穗参数进行多元方差分析。【结果】老熟和绿熟的短茎蔓(可切分两根砧木)嫁接成活率较高,分别为75.0%和87.5%;老熟的长茎蔓(可切分3根砧木)不宜选用单芽接穗;绿熟长茎蔓的中段不宜用做砧木;砧木偏长、砧木质量/长度比较低、成熟度偏嫩、接穗偏长有利于嫁接成活,当砧木较短、较粗、较重、砧木质量/长度比较高、成熟度偏老时接穗萌芽较晚甚至不能萌芽。【结论】初步确定红水晶6号砧木嫁接的基本原则,选取1~2年生茎蔓,优先使用绿熟茎蔓,但避免使用绿熟长茎蔓中段为砧木,砧木长度不低于40 cm,选取生长点附近充实成熟的茎段为接穗,从顶部开始截取接穗进行嫁接,接穗含2芽且长度不低于3 cm,使用平接法为主,嫁接成活率达81.2%,生产实用性较好,对火龙果苗木繁育生产具有参考意义。【Objective】This study was made to perfect grafting technique and parameters of rootstock and scion of pitaya so as to improve grafting survival rate and ensure bud sprouting in time.【Method】‘Hongshuijing No.6’pitaya was selected as test material.Rootstocks were cut from ripe or green ripe vine-type shoots with different lengths.Mixed orthogonal array design(OAD)and OAD were used to observe the effect of rootstock position in vine,grafting method,number of buds per scion and scion maturity on grafting survival.Multivariate analyses on parameters of rootstock length,mass,ratio of mass to length,rootstock circumference and scion length were conducted with whether scion sprouted or not and scion sprouted time as the dependent variable respectively.【Result】The grafting survival rates of short ripe and green ripe vines,cut into 2 sections averagely for rootstocks,were 75.0%and 87.5%,respectively.Long ripe vine,cut into 3 sections averagely for rootstocks,was unfit to be grafted with one bud scion.The middle section from long green ripe vine was unfit for rootstock.It was estimated that longer rootstock,rootstock with lower ratio of mass to length and slight maturity,and longer scion might be suitable for grafting.Scions grafted on shorter,thicker and heavier rootstocks with higher ratio of mass to length and maturity were prone to germinate later or even unable to germinate.【Conclusion】The basic principle of the grafting of‘Hongshuijing No.6’rootstocks was preliminarily determined.1-2 years old vines,preferably green ripe vines,may be used for rootstocks.However,the middle section of long green ripe vine was unfit for rootstock.Rootstock length was not less than 40 cm.Scions were selected from solid stems near growing point and cut from up to down for grafting.Scion length was not less than 3 cm with 2 buds at least.Flat grafting was preferred.The grafting technique proved to be effective and practical after mass grafting was carried out with high survival rate of 81.2%.Therefore,it was advocate

关 键 词：火龙果 嫁接 砧木 接穗 成熟度 正交设计 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]