蒙脱土改性尿素醛肥料的制备及性能研究  

Research on Preparation and Properties of Urea-formaldehyde Fertilizer Modified byMontmorillonite

作　　者：张晓鹏 耿阳阳 赵贵哲 刘亚青 ZHANG Xiaopeng;GENG Yangyang;ZHAO Guizhe;LIU Yaqing(School of Materials Science and Engineering,North University of China/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Nano-functional Composites,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学材料科学与工程学院/纳米功能复合材料山西省重点实验室,山西太原030051

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2021年第1期104-110,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省教育厅“聚合物基功能新材料山西省“1331工程”重点创新团队”项目;山西省教育厅“新材料产业创新学科群建设”项目;山西省应用基础研究计划面上青年基金(201901D211273)。

摘　　要：【目的】研制氮缓释性能优异且制备工艺简单的缓控释肥料。【方法】采用溶液聚合法将具有纳米层状结构的蒙脱土(MMT)穿插在含有营养元素的聚合物缓释肥料尿素醛(UF)中,制备得到一种具有插层结构的新型生物降解高分子缓控释肥料。采用FTIR、XRD对制备肥料的结构进行表征,通过SEM观察肥料的表面形貌,研究原料配比对肥料加工性能的影响,测定肥料在静水中的释放特性。【结果】随着MMT的加入,制备的缓控释肥料的动态流变性能得到极大提升;其对氮具有优异的缓释效果,在静水中培养70 d,氮的最大累积释放率为38.79%,表明通过破坏结晶性聚合物原有的晶体结构可以提高其缓释性能。【结论】研究结果对于解决目前使用最普遍的化学合成型缓释化肥尿素醛由于高结晶度而导致的缓释性能差的问题具有参考意义。【Objective】The slow and controlled release fertilizers with excellent nitrogen slow-release performance and simple preparation process were developed.【Method】A new kind of biodegradable polymer with interlayer structure was prepared by solution polymerization,where montmorillonite(MMT)with nanometer layer structure was interspersed with urea-formaldehyde(UF),a slow-release polymer fertilizer containing nutrients.The structure of the prepared fertilizer was characterized by FTIR and XRD.The surface morphology of the fertilizer was observed by SEM.The influence of the ratio of raw materials on molding performance of the fertilizer was studied,and the release characteristics of the fertilizer in still water was determined.【Result】The dynamic rheological properties of the prepared slow-release fertilizer can be greatly improved with the addition of MMT.In addition,it has an excellent sustained release effect on nitrogen,and the maximum cumulative release rate of nitrogen is 38.79%when cultured in still water for 70 days,indicating that the slow-release properties of crystalline polymers can be improved by destroying the original crystal structure.【Conclusion】The results have reference significance for solving the problem of low sustained release performance caused by high crystallinity of slow-release chemical synthetic fertilizer urea-formaldehyde,the most commonly used chemical synthetic fertilizer at present.

关 键 词：蒙脱土 溶液聚合 插层结构 缓释性能 结晶度 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] TQ449.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]