巴西—中国石油贸易20年:演变、特征与趋势  

20 Years of Brazil-China Oil Trade:Past Evolution,Present Features and Future Trends

作　　者： 陈岚(翻译)[2,3] Pedro Henrique Batista Barbosa

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]浙江外国语学院国别和区域研究中心 [3]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2020年第6期62-81,156,共21页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：能源合作是当前中巴全面战略伙伴关系中最重要、最具活力的领域之一,其中,石油贸易起着重要作用。在过去20年中,中巴原油贸易关系从几乎为零演变为经济互补原则下的多元化、蓬勃发展的关系。近年来,中国的石油消费量呈指数级增长,但国内生产水平无法满足本国日益增长的需求。因此,中国石油进口增长迅速,能源安全问题被提上日程。巴西方面,由于深海油气资源的发现,巴西原油产量和出口量大增,迫切需要寻找新的出口市场。基于这种互补的市场形势,无论从扩大进口还是促进供给多元化方面,巴西都成为中国石油战略的重要组成部分。从巴西的角度来看,中国也是其开拓盐下油田、扩大原油出口的务实的战略选择。为促进中巴石油贸易繁荣,中国对巴西石油部门的投资和贷款对提高巴西原油产量、促进对华出口至关重要。两国石油部门的变化为中巴石油贸易增长创造了有利条件。在外交方面,两国政府的大力支持使中国和巴西企业有信心建立长期合作承诺。根据过去20年的经验,未来石油贸易将成为中巴全面战略伙伴关系的重要组成部分。One of the most important and vivid facets of current Brazil-China comprehensive strategic partnership is energy cooperation,in which oil trade plays an important role.Over the course of past two decades,both countries have evolved from almost non-existent crude exchanges to a booming and diversified relationship,the guiding principle of which is economic complementarity.China’s crude consumption has grown exponentially over the years,but domestic production could not match it.Therefore,China’s oil imports expanded in a fast pace,as well as worries concerning energy security.By contrast,Brazil’s new deep-sea discoveries have allowed it to increase oil production and exports,while new export markets need to be found.Based on this complementary market situation,this South American country has become a relevant component of China’s oil strategy,either in terms of expanding imports or of diversifying sources.From Brazil’s perspective,China has become a strategic option to export its increasingly exceeding production as well as to help explore the promising new pre-salt oil frontier.Contributing to this trade boom,Chinese investments and loans in Brazil’s oil segment are important to help increase crude production and foster exports towards the Asian country.Changes in both countries’oil sectors have created more favorable conditions for rising trading figures.In the diplomatic front,bilateral government supports have given player from both sides the encouragement for establishing long-term commitments.Based upon last twenty years’experience,oil trade will definitely be a key part of Sino-Brazilian global strategic partnership in the next two decades.

关 键 词：能源安全 能源合作 石油贸易 盐下油田 互补性 全面战略伙伴关系 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济]