水工建筑物初生空化数及其比尺效应研究进展  

Research progress of incipient cavitation number and its scale effects in hydraulic structures

作　　者：郑雪玉 吴时强[3] 杨家修 ZHENG Xueyu;WU Shiqiang;YANG Jiaxiu(Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Guiyang 550081,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081 [2]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《水利水电科技进展》2021年第1期87-94,共8页Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources

基　　金：贵州省科技支撑计划([2017]2865);中国华能集团科技项目(HNKJ15-H12)。

摘　　要：水工建筑物结构水力设计中通常涉及防空蚀设计,一般规定水流空化数σi<0.3的区域或者流速大于15 m/s的部位要进行防空蚀设计。水工建筑物不同部位结构,初生空化数不同,该值的分析一方面通过理论计算,另一方面则是通过减压模型试验,试验不可避免地存在比尺效应。对目前国内外初生空化数的计算公式加以总结,指出不同公式的优缺点及适用条件;对初生空化的比尺效应进行相应归纳,为模型试验测定初生空化数提供新的思考方法;同时总结了水工建筑物不同部位初生空化判断标准,为相应的设计研究提供具体详细的指导。Anti erosion design is usually involved in the hydraulic design of hydraulic structures.It is generally stipulated that the anti-erosion design should be carried out in the area with cavitation numberσ<0.3 or with the flow velocity greater than 15m/s.The initial cavitation number is different in different parts of hydraulic structures.The value is analyzed not only through theoretical calculation,but also through pressure reduction model tests in which scale effect inevitably exists.The calculation formulas of primary cavitation number at home and abroad were summarized,and the advantages and disadvantages of different formulas and applicable conditions were put forward.The scale effects of primary cavitation were summarized,providing a new thinking method for the determination of incipient cavitation number in model experiment.The criteria of incipient cavitation in different parts of hydraulic structures were summarized,which provides specific and detailed guidance for corresponding design and research.

关 键 词：水工建筑物 初生空化 空蚀 比尺效应 判断标准 

分 类 号：TV131.32[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]