哈尔滨市2018年医院感染和社区感染现患率调查  

Prevalence of nosocomial infection and community infection in Harbin in 2018

作　　者：刘莉莉[1] 王颖[1] 张丽娜[1] 舒东娇[1] 郑芬红[1] 尹光昕[1] 王宇峰 曹子晶[1] LIU Li-li;WANG Ying;ZHANG Li-na;SHU Dong-jiao;ZHENG Fen-hong;YIN Guang-xin;WANG Yu-feng;CAO Zi-jing(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150056,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《中国公共卫生管理》2020年第6期922-925,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Management

摘　　要：目的了解哈尔滨市医疗机构住院患者医院感染与社区感染现患率,为医院感染防控提供依据。方法 2018年4月20-30日对哈尔滨市29所医疗机构,前一日0~24点期间内住院患者的感染、病原菌检出和耐药以及抗菌药物使用情况进行调查。应用EpiData3.02建立数据库,双份录入数据,应用SPSS20.0统计软件对数据进行分析。结果共调查32 318例住院患者,发生医院感染627例,共659例次,医院感染现患率为1.94%,例次现患率为2.04%;发生社区感染6 450例,共6 577例次,社区现患率为19.96%,例次现患率为20.35%。医院感染和社区感染现患率最高的科室是综合ICU和儿科。医院感染和社区感染病原菌均以肺炎克雷伯菌为主。医院抗菌药物使用率为27.89%,其中使用率最高的科室为儿科(86.89%),抗菌药使用目的以治疗用药为主,有6 588例(20.38%)。结论此次调查有助于了解哈尔滨市医院感染和社区感染高发科室、高发感染部位以及治疗使用抗菌药物患者病原学送检情况,为医院感染的预防控制提供依据。Objective To understand the prevalence rates of nosocomial infection and community infection among hospitalized patients in medical institutions in Harbin,so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.Methods The infection,pathogen detection and drug resistance and the use of antibiotics among the inpatients were investigated during 0-24 o’clock of the previous day,in twenty-nine medical institutions in Harbin from April 20 to 30,2018.Epidata 3.02 software was used to establish the database,the data were input twice,and SPSS20.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data.Results A total of 32318 inpatients were investigated.There were 627 cases and 659 times of nosocomial infection with the prevalence rate of nosocomial infection of 1.94%and the prevalence rate of case times of 2.04%.There were 6450 cases and 6577 times of community infection with the prevalence rate of 19.96%and the prevalence rate of case times of 20.35%.The departments with the highest prevalence rate of nosocomial infection and community infection were comprehensive ICU and pediatrics.Klebsiella pneumoniae was the main pathogen of nosocomial infection and community infection.The utilization rate of antibacterial drugs in the hospitals was 27.89%,and the department with the highest utilization rate was pediatrics(86.89%).The main purpose of antibiotics use was to treat the patients,and with 6588 cases(20.38%).Conclusion The survey is helpful to understand the high incidence departments and infection body sites of nosocomial and community infection in Harbin,as well as the etiological examination of patients with treatment and use of antibiotics,and to provide the basis for the prevention and control of hospital infection.

关 键 词：医院感染 社区感染 现患率 

分 类 号：R197.323.4[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]