沙颍河流域(河南段)非点源氨氮污染模拟与时空特征分析  

Non-Point Source Pollution Simulation of Ammonia Nitrogen and Spatial-Temporal Characteristics Analysis in Shaying River Catchment(Henan Section)

作　　者：杨琴 张永勇[1] YANG Qin;ZHANG Yongyong(Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2021年第2期319-327,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41671024,41807171)。

摘　　要：沙颍河流域是我国淮河流域污染最严重的区域之一.为揭示流域非点源的时空分布特征并评估其对水污染的贡献,以沙颍河流域(河南段)为研究区,采用流域水循环系统模型(HEQM模型)模拟了重点断面2012—2015年月径流和氨氮浓度过程,辨识了污染源类型及其贡献,揭示了非点源负荷的年内和年际变化.结果表明:①径流和氨氮浓度的模拟效果较好,HEQM模型在沙颍河流域(河南段)具有较好的适用性.②非点源氨氮污染负荷占多年平均总负荷量的37.40%,在污染时期占比为29.32%.沙河和颍河上游污染时期的非点源负荷比例较高,分别为91.49%和90.45%.③非点源氨氮负荷对丰水期(6—9月)和平水期(3—5月、10—11月)污染的贡献较大,占总负荷的48.83%和51.92%;从年际变化来看,2012—2015年各年份的空间分布特征基本相似,但2014—2015年单位面积非点源污染负荷较2012—2013年明显下降.研究显示,沙颍河流域(河南段)非点源对氨氮污染的贡献已不可忽视,丰水期和平水期是非点源污染治理的关键时期.The Huai River Basin is one of critical regions for water pollution control in China,and the Shaying River is one of the most polluted tributaries in the Huai River Basin.In this study,the Shaying River catchment(Henan Section)was taken as the study area to investigate spatial and temporal distributions of non-point source pollutants and their contributions to water pollution.The integrated water system model(HEQM)was used to simulate monthly runoff and ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N)concentrations at some key sections from 2012 to 2015.The NH 3-N pollution sources,their contributions and temporal(interannual and annual)variation characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The simulation performance of both runoff and NH 3-N concentration was satisfactory,and the HEQM model had good applicability in the Shaying River catchment(Henan Section).(2)During the pollution period and the whole period,the non-point source NH 3-N load accounted for 29.32%and 37.40%of the total load,respectively.The percentages of non-point source were much greater during the pollution period in the Sha River(91.49%)and the upper Ying River(90.45%).(3)The contributions of non-point source NH 3-N load to water pollution were greater during the high-flow(June-September)and mean-flow(March-May and October-November)periods than that during the low-flow period(December-February),and the percentages were 48.83%and 51.92%.For the interannual variation,the non-point source NH 3-N load per square kilometer decreased obviously,and the spatial distribution was basically similar every year.Therefore,the non-point source pollution in the Shaying River catchment(Henan Section)could not be ignored for the water pollution control in the Huai River Basin,and the high-flow and mean-flow periods are critical for pollution control of the non-point NH 3+-N source.

关 键 词：非点源氨氮 时空变化 污染贡献率 HEQM模型 沙颍河流域 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]