外泌体非编码RNA在骨关节炎软骨损伤修复中的研究进展  

Research progress of non-coding RNA carried by exosomes in cartilage repair of osteoarthritis

作　　者：李崇[1] 缪季峰 林秋宁[2] 刘云[1] 黄能干 廖世杰[1] 谢天裕 詹新立[1] 阳富春[1] 陆吉利[3] Li Chong;Miao Jifeng;Lin Qiuning;Liu Yun;Huang Nenggan;Liao Shijie;Xie Tianyu;Zhan Xinli;Yang Fuchun;Lu Jili(Department of Orthopaedic Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Department of Vascular Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,China;Department of Jont Surgery,People's Hospital of BaiSe,Baise 533000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学第一附属医院骨科,南宁530021 [2]广西医科大学第一附属医院血管外科,南宁530021 [3]百色市人民医院关节外科,533000

出　　处：《中华骨科杂志》2021年第3期186-194,共9页Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81960768);广西自然科学基金项目(2019JJA140408,2017GXNSFBA198098)。

摘　　要：骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)是一种常见的退行性疾病,最主要的病理改变是软骨损伤,主要临床症状是疼痛和关节功能减退。研究表明,骨关节炎中软骨细胞内非编码RNA(noncoding RNA,ncRNA)的表达异常上调或下调,影响软骨细胞的增殖、迁移和凋亡,从而影响骨关节炎的发生和发展。外泌体是由各类细胞分泌于细胞间液中的一种直径为40~100 nm的胞外囊泡,是细胞间的交流的一种介质。外泌体可保护其内容物免遭细胞外液酶降解,并具有良好的组织渗透性,在软骨细胞微环境中,可包裹ncRNA、蛋白质、脂质等生物调节活性物质,从母细胞释放并被软骨细胞内吞,实现细胞之间的通讯交流,进而对软骨细胞的活性进行调节。因此,外泌体具有基因载体功能,其携带的ncRNA可补充或吸附软骨细胞内异常调节的ncRNA,从而调节软骨细胞活性,并有望成为软骨修复的重要材料。本研究通过对数据库现有的研究外泌体miRNA、lncRNA、circRNA对骨关节炎作用的文献进行检索,将对外泌体ncRNA在骨关节炎中发病机制的研究进行综述。Osteoarthritis(OA)is a common degenerative disease.Its most significant pathological change is destruction of articular cartilage and the main clinical symptoms are pain and dysfunction of joints.Recent studies have shown that the expression of non-coding RNA(ncRNA)in chondrocytes can abnormally up-regulate or down-regulate and alter the activities of chondrocytes like their proliferation,migration and apoptosis,thus leading to the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm,which are secreted in intercellular fluid,act as medium of intercellular communication.They protect ncRNA,protein,lipid and other bioactive materials from enzymatic degradation by encapsulating them and transferring to sibling chondrocytes,due to their good tissue permeability.They can also improve communication between cells and regulate the activities of chondrocytes.Thus,exosomes behave like gene carriers.The ncRNA carried by exosomes can supplement or adsorb the abnormal ncRNA in chondrocytes,so as to regulate the activity of chondrocytes,and is therefore considered as a possible candidate with capabilities to repair cartilages.In this study we reviewed existing literatures related to the roles and effects of exosome miRNA,lncRNA and circRNA on osteoarthritis.We also reviewed the pathogenesis of exosome ncRNA in osteoarthritis.

关 键 词：骨关节炎 外泌体 细胞间液 软骨修复 细胞外液 软骨细胞 软骨损伤 细胞内吞 

分 类 号：R684.3[医药卫生—骨科学]