共情能力在医生压力与医患关系间的中介效应  

Mediating effect of empathy on association between stress and doctorpatient relationship among doctors

作　　者：杨艳杰[1] 褚海云 杨秀贤[1] 邱晓惠[1] 乔正学[1] 宋雪佳[1] 赵尔樱 周佳玮[1] YANG Yan-jie;CHU Hai-yun;YANG Xiu-xian(Research Center for Psychology and Behavior,School of Public Health,Harbin Medical University,Harbin,Heilongjiang Province 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院心理与行为研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2021年第1期153-156,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(17SHB051)。

摘　　要：目的探讨医生共情能力在压力与医患关系间的中介效应。方法采用自编情况调查表、压力知觉量表和杰弗逊共情量表对黑龙江省哈尔滨市4所三级甲等医院的800名医生进行问卷调查,回收有效问卷757份。采用SPSS 24.0和Mplus 6.0对数据进行分析,包括描述性统计分析、t检验、χ^2检验、Pearson相关性分析和logistic回归分析等。结果本研究中,583名(77.0%)医生医患关系良好,174名(23.0%)医生医患关系紧张。男女医生医患关系状况差异有统计学意义(χ^2=14.644,P<0.05);男女医生压力得分分别为(26.76±4.51)和(26.21±4.53)分,差异无统计学意义(t=1.669,P>0.05);男女医生共情能力得分分别为(104.85±16.57)和(111.79±11.43)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-6.411,P<0.05)。中介效应检验结果显示,男性医生共情能力在压力与医患关系间发挥部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应之比为13.10%,女性医生共情能力在压力与医患关系间发挥完全中介作用。结论医生压力水平是导致医患关系紧张的重要因素。医生共情能力在压力与医患关系间发挥了中介效应,但是不同性别的医生共情能力在压力与医患关系间发挥的中介效应不同。男性医生压力不仅可以直接负向影响医患关系,还可以通过降低其共情能力来间接影响医患关系;而女性医生压力则完全通过降低其共情能力来影响医患关系状况。Objective To explore mediating effect of empathy on the association between stress and doctor-patient relationship among doctors.Methods We conducted a survey among 800 doctors selected from four grade-A tertiary hospitals in Harbin city during March-July,2019.A self-compiled questionnaire,Perceived Stress Scale(PSS)and Jefferson Scale of Empathy(JSE)were adopted in the study.Descriptive statistics,t-test,chi-square test,Pearson correlation analysis,and logistic regression analysis were performed in data analyses with SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 6.0.Results Among757(94.63% of all the doctors surveyed)respondents with valid information,583(77.0%)and 174(23.0%)reported a good and strained doctor-patient relationship and there was a significant gender-difference in the proportions of reporting a good or strained doctor-patient relationship(χ^2=14.644,P<0.05).The PSS scores were 26.76±4.51 and 26.21±4.53 for male and female doctors,without significant gender difference(t=1.669,P>0.05).The JSE scores were 104.85±16.57 and 111.79±11.43 for male and female doctors,with a significant gender difference(t=-6.411,P<0.05).Mediation effect analysis revealed that empathy played a full mediation role in the association between stress and doctor-patient relationship among female doctors but a partial mediation role,accounting for 13.10%of total effect,among male doctors.Conclusion For doctors,stress is an important factor leading to strained doctor-patient relationship and empathy mediates the association of stress with doctor-patient relationship,and the degree of the mediating effect differs by gender,with a full mediation in female doctors but a partial mediation in male doctors.

关 键 词：医生 医患关系 共情 压力 中介效应 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]