论医疗人工智能的刑法问题  

Research on Criminal Law Problems of Medical Artificial Intelligence

作　　者：皮勇[1] Pi Yong(不详)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》2021年第1期134-148,共15页Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020AI014)。

摘　　要：医疗人工智能是我国新一代人工智能发展战略的重要内容,有助于提高诊疗效果、降低医疗风险,但也存在局限性,无法完全替代医师,不能成为医疗行为主体和医事犯罪主体。医疗人工智能应用给医师履行充分说明告知义务带来了困难,应当合理划定人工智能辅助医疗活动中医师说明告知义务的边界,改革患者获取医疗信息的制度,充分保障患者的知情同意权。医疗人工智能应用影响医师的注意义务范围,医师应审查验证医疗人工智能的诊疗建议,监督其操作过程,履行理性医师的注意义务,承担合理的诊疗义务。在医疗人工智能应用环境下认定医师的注意能力应不同于使用普通仪器设备,医师在预见和回避其应用风险时面临两难境地,应当建立有益的医疗人工智能发展制度,解决医疗人工智能应用环境中医师的注意能力问题。Medical artificial intelligence is an important part of China development strategy of the new generation of artificial intelligence,which helps to improve the diagnosis and treatment effect and reduce the medical risk,but it also has limitations,which can not completely replace doctors,and can not become the main body of medical behavior and medical crime.The application of medical artificial intelligence brings difficulties for doctors to fulfill the obligation of full explanation and notification.The boundary of the obligation of explanation and notification should be reasonably defined,the system of patients’access to medical information should be reformed,and the right of informed consent of patients should be fully guaranteed.The application of medical artificial intelligence will affect the scope of doctors’duty of care.Doctors should review and verify the medical artificial intelligence diagnosis and treatment suggestions,supervise its operation process,fulfill the duty of care of rational doctors,and undertake a wider range of reasonable diagnosis and treatment obligations.In the application environment of medical artificial intelligence,the recognition of doctors’attention ability should be different from the use of general instruments and equipment.Doctors are faced with a dilemma when they foresee and avoid the application risks.Therefore,a beneficial development system of medical artificial intelligence should be established,to solve the problem of doctors’attention ability in the application environment of medical artificial intelligence.

关 键 词：医疗人工智能 说明告知义务 注意义务 注意能力 

分 类 号：D924.36[政治法律—刑法学]