尾菜酵液制备及部分替代化肥对设施番茄土壤养分、酶活性及品质影响  

Effects of Fermented Broth of Tail Vegetable Preparation and Replacement of Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients,Enzyme activity and Tomato Quality in Greenhouse Vegetable Soil

作　　者：高利娟[1] 邹国元[1] 丁效东[2] 杜连凤[1] 马茂亭[1] 康凌云 刘静 李顺江[1] GAO Lijuan;ZOU Guoyuan;DING Xiaodong;DU Lianfeng;MA Maoting;KANG Lingyun;LIU Jing;LI Shunjiang(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,北京100097 [2]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《天津农业科学》2021年第1期1-7,11,共8页Tianjin Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201206,2017YFD0200208);北京市农林科学院青年科研基金(QNJJ201831);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项区域协同创新项目资助(KJCX20180708);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项,京津冀循环农业技术集成创新研究与示范(KJCX20180708)。

摘　　要：针对北方设施菜地土壤质量下降,尾菜资源浪费的问题,对不同蔬菜的尾菜进行发酵,分析研究发酵液的理化性质;并采用大田试验,研究发酵液与有机无机配施对设施菜地土壤养分、酶活性及番茄产量与品质的影响。结果表明:白菜、番茄两种尾菜发酵液抗氧化系统活性随着发酵时间的延长而增强,其中总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和还原型谷胱甘肽活性均表现为发酵60 d高于发酵30 d的,两者都显著高于未发酵的尾菜;而两种发酵液的羟自由基清除能力表现出相反的趋势,与尾菜相比,发酵30 d和60 d后该指标显著降低;与发酵30 d相比,发酵60 d时白菜和番茄尾菜发酵液纤维素酶和蔗糖酶含量均显著提高;而两者过氧化氢酶含量却随发酵时间而显著降低;番茄和白菜尾菜发酵液可溶性碳含量随发酵时间的延长而增加。大田试验表明,有机肥+化肥(减半)+番茄发酵液处理显著降低土壤容重,提高了土壤速效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮含量。从根际土壤微生物量氮磷含量来看,有机肥+化肥(减半)+番茄发酵液处理时土壤微生物量氮磷含量、土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性最高;而有机肥+化肥(减半)+两种尾菜发酵液处理番茄酸度最低,而氨基酸、Vc含量最高。上述结果表明,相对于发酵30 d时,两种尾菜发酵60 d田间应用效果较佳,特别是番茄尾菜发酵液的基施有机肥+化肥(减半)+两种尾菜发酵液处理效果最优,在实际生产中能够部分替代有机肥与化肥施用。In order to solve the problems of soil quality deterioration and tail vegetables waste in North China greenhouse vegetable soil,the tail vegetable of different vegetables was fermented to analyze the physicochemical properties of fermentation broth.Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of combined application of fermentation broth and organic and inorganic fertilizer on soil nutrients,enzyme activities,yield and quality of tomato in protected vegetable plots.The results showed that the antioxidant system activity of the fermentation broth of cabbage and tomato increased with the extension of fermentation time,among the activities of total antioxidant capacity,superoxide dismutase,glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione were significantly higher than those of unfermented tail vegetables after 60 d than after 30 d of fermentation.The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the two fermentation broth showed an opposite trend,which was significantly decreased after 30 d and 60 d fermentation compared with that of tail cabbage.Compared with 30 d fermentation,the cellulase and sucrase contents of fermentation broth of cabbage and tomato tail were significantly increased after 60 d fermentation,while the content of catalase decreased significantly with fermentation time.The content of soluble carbon in the fermentation broth of tomato and cabbage tail increased with the prolonging of fermentation time.Field experiments showed that the treatment of organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer(50%)+tomato fermentation broth significantly reduced soil bulk density,and increased soil available P,ammonium N and nitrate N contents.In terms of rhizosphere soil microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus content,organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer(50%)+tomato fermentation broth has the highest soil microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus content,soil urease and catalase activities;while organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer(50%)+two kinds of tail vegetable fermentation broth treatment tomato acidity was the lo

关 键 词：尾菜 发酵液 设施菜地 土壤酶活性 微生物量碳氮 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]