外资自由化、制度环境与制造业企业全球价值链地位提升——基于溢出效应理论的研究  

FDI liberalization, institutional environment and manufacturing firms’ moving up in the global value chain: a study based on the theory of spillover effects

作　　者：郭娟娟 冼国明[2] 房帅 GUO Juanjuan;XIAN Guoming;FANG Shuai(Institute for the World Economy,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020,China;Institute of International Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院世界经济研究所,上海200020 [2]南开大学国际经济研究所,天津300071

出　　处：《产业经济研究》2020年第6期83-98,127,共17页Industrial Economics Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(19JJD790004);国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CJL027)。

摘　　要：在新一轮改革开放和供给侧结构性改革的背景下,开放是我国经济进一步改革和发展的重要驱动力。以放松外资管制为准自然实验,考察外资自由化对我国制造业企业全球价值链地位提升的影响。研究发现,外资自由化对企业全球价值链地位提升具有显著的促进作用,在改变计量方法、固定效应形式、指标测算方式、实证样本以及剔除其他政策干扰后,该结论依然成立。其中,外资自由化对私营、一般贸易、非劳动密集型、技能密集型企业的促进作用更大,而来自高收入国家的外资和市场导向型外资更能提升企业全球价值链地位,且外资准入对企业全球价值链地位攀升的效应更多来自政策优惠,而非纯粹的市场准入。进一步地,外资自由化更倾向于通过行业间溢出效应促进企业向全球价值链高端攀升,且后向关联效应发挥的作用更明显。最后,完善的制度环境能够强化外资自由化对企业全球价值链地位提升的促进作用,且产权制度的影响大于契约制度。Amid a new round of reform and opening up and supply-side structural reform, opening up is an important driver for further reform and development of China’s economy. This paper takes the deregulation of FDI as a quasi-natural experiment to examine the impact of FDI liberalization on China’s manufacturing firms’ moving up in the global value chain. The study finds that FDI liberalization has a significant role in helping firms to gain higher status in the global value chain. The conclusion still holds after changing the measurement method, the form of fixed effects, the indicator measure, the empirical sample, as well as the exclusion of other policy disturbances. In particular, FDI liberalization has been a greater boost to private, general trade, non-labor-intensive, and skill-intensive firms. And foreign capital from high-income countries and market-oriented foreign investment are more likely to enhance the GVC position of firms. And the effect of FDI deregulation on firms’ moving up in the global value chain comes more from policy preferences rather than from pure market access. Further, FDI liberalization is more inclined to promote firms’ status in GVC through inter-industry spillover effects, and the backward correlation effect plays a more obvious role. Finally, a sound institutional environment can strengthen the effect of FDI liberalization in promoting the status of firms’ in the GVC, and the property rights system has a greater impact than the contract system.

关 键 词：外资自由化 全球价值链地位提升 水平溢出效应 前后向关联效应 契约制度 产权制度 

分 类 号：F742[经济管理—国际贸易]