从南朝乐府到宫体诗的内部演化机制——兼论宫体诗价值之重新评价  

The Internal Evolutionary Mechanism from the Musical Conservatory Poems to the Palace Style Poetry in the Southern Dynasties:Simultaneous Reassessment on the Values of the Palace Style Poetry

作　　者：郭晨光 Guo Chenguang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学汉语文化学院,北京100875

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期89-99,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(18FZW054)。

摘　　要：吴歌、西曲展现了南朝商业文化冲击下的世俗"情色观"。梁武帝父子对其运用贵族化的审美情趣加以关照,使其从表现平民生活的市井文学提升为展现贵族的文化世界。其中宫体诗中女性的"物化"描写源于歌妓的"商品性",以满足贵族男子的占有欲。这种转化与玄学"应物而不累于物""无累于情色"观念密切相关。宫体诗并非为了释放色欲心理,而是新兴的文化贵族为了和市井粗人隔离,用贵族立身标准,在声色犬马的感官享受和优雅得体的束缚之间保持平衡。宫体诗代表着士大夫对诱惑抱有既爱且惧的矛盾态度,在自我梳理、审视的诉说中被公众话语所采纳,最适合表现公与私、情与欲、沉溺与觉悟之间的矛盾。通过官方教育在贵族中传播,形成了固定的话语模式,显示了拥有话语权力的贵族士人面对世俗价值观对于精英阶层的侵蚀,试图重构精英文学秩序,使其反映贵族阶层的生活状况和精神渴求,以及对人情、人性意义上的终极叩问与探索。Folk songs in the Southern dynasties displayed the worldly perspective on the sexual love under the impact of commercial culture. Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty and his son refined them from the illumination of civil literature about public lives to that of the aristocratic cultural world, perceiving from the aristocratic aesthetic. The"materialized"description about the female in the palace style poetry originated from the"commerciality"of geisha to meet the possessive instinct of aristocratic males. This shift was closely connected to the ideas of"avoiding indulgence although one may have the object"and"abstaining from sexual love"in metaphysics. The palace style poetry did not intend to release the sexual psychology of new cultural aristocrats but to keep them from philistines to balance their lewd pleasure and graceful self-restraints. The palace style poetry represented the contradictory attitudes of aristocratic officials’ love and fear toward temptations, which were adopted by public discourse in self-reviews and best expressed contradictions between publicity and privacy, emotion and desire, as well as indulgence and awakening. The fixed discourse pattern was established and disseminated in the aristocrats through official education. Confronted with the erosion of worldly values, the aristocrats with discourse power attempted to reconstruct the order of elites’ literature and make it reflect the living conditions and spiritual impulses of the aristocratic class, as well as their final questioning and exploration of human emotions and nature.

关 键 词：宫体诗 贵族化 玄学 《玉台新咏》 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K239.1[历史地理—历史学]