保单贷款制度的意义及其法律性质  

The Significance of Policy Loan and Its Legal Nature

作　　者：岳卫[1] Yue Wei

机构地区：[1]南京大学法学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期174-182,共9页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金一般项目(20FXB009)。

摘　　要：保单贷款是指投保人可于保险合同有效期间内,以现金价值为限向保险人借款的制度。在我国保险实务中,保险人往往认为其法律性质是以现金价值为质的保单质押贷款,并据此主张具有对抗他人的效力。日前中国银保监会颁布的《人身保险公司保单质押贷款管理办法(征求意见稿)》对此亦予以了确认。与美国法下保单为有价证券可作为质押标的不同,我国法下的保单仅为证明证券。此外,由于现金价值的给付必须以合同的解除为前提,故现金价值请求权作为权利质权亦难以成立。由于现金价值与保险金均来自责任准备金,于经济上具有实质关联性。因此,从解释论的角度,应将保单贷款理解为一种特殊给付,且由于其法律性质并非质押,故亦无须取得被保险人的同意。Policy loan refers to the system in which the policy holder may borrow money from the insurer within the duration of the insurance contract to the extent of the cash value of the policy. In China’s insurance practice, insurers usually believe that the legal nature of the policy loan is a policy-pledged loan with the pledge of a cash value, and claims that the policy loan is effective against others. Recently, Administrative Measures for Loans Pledged by Insurance Policies of Life Insurance Companies(Draft for Comments) issued by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission also confirmed the above practice. Under Chinese law, warranties are not securities, while warranties can be considered the pledge under the laws of the United States. In addition, since the cash value of the policy shall be payed when the insurance contract is terminated, it is difficult to establish the right to claim cash value of the policy as the pledge of rights. Likewise, the cash value of the policy is substantially and economically related to the premium because they both accrue from the liability reserve fund. Therefore, from the perspective of legal interpretation, policy loans should be understood as a special payment, while the consent of the insured is not the precondition for obtaining the policy loan given that the legal nature of the policy loan is not the pledge.

关 键 词：保单贷款 现金价值 责任准备金 被保险人同意 

分 类 号：D922.284[政治法律—经济法学]