新闻专业主义的伟大重塑:从客观性1.0到客观性2.0  

The Remarkable Re-Invention of Journalism as a Profession:From Objectivity 1.0 to Objectivity 2.0

作　　者：迈克尔·舒德森[1] 李思雪 Michael Schudson;Li Sixue(Columbia Journalism School,Columbia University;School of Journalism and Communication,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]美国哥伦比亚大学大学新闻学院,美国纽约NY100027 [2]清华大学新闻与传播学院,北京100084

出　　处：《新闻界》2021年第2期4-13,共10页Journalism and Mass Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“数字新闻学理论、方法、实践研究”(20&ZD318)。

摘　　要：本文通过对"客观性"这一概念的深度辨析,以"客观性1.0"与"客观性2.0"为历史分期重新审视新闻专业主义,并以此为思想基础对当前的美国新闻业进行分析。本文认为,新闻业以客观真实为原则组织起生产行为,这构成了新闻客观性的基础维度;然而,如何将记者本身的价值融入新闻生产之中,探寻一种更稳定、更具阐释力的新闻业,成为当前新闻业的另一核心任务。以这两种生产原则为基础,新闻业或许能够为我们理解并改善当前价值混乱、情感化的社会有所助益。文章进而提出新闻业应当在"后特朗普时代"的观念分裂中致力于坚持自身的专业信念。Journalism helps make liberal democracy work as a professional record-keeper and explainer of the public spaces in society thanks to two professionalizing developments.The first of these is the emergence of "objectivity" as an ideal in journalism.The second is the reformulation from the 1960s forward of what objectivity should mean and how a more assertive and more interpretive would offer a truer portrait of reality than the strictures of Objectivity 1.0 permitted.Journalism is part of a bright shiny thing "the media" that people often find distracting,captivating,even informative.But journalism is one force among many and within it are many voices pushing and pulling us in different directions.In its professional form Objectivity 1.0 plus Objectivity 2.0 it makes the world a bit better.But journalism will never be the whole problem nor the whole solution.It does not show us where we’re going but it helps us to see where we are.

关 键 词：新闻专业主义 客观性1.0 客观性2.0 新闻业 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]