甘草种子携带真菌检测与致病性分析  

Detection and Pathogenicity Test of Seed-borne Fungi of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Seed

作　　者：徐秀兰[1] 尚兴朴 马丽娟 芦钰 王玉玺 邱艳红 张海军 吴萍[1] XU Xiu-lan;SHANG Xing-pua;MA Li-juan;LU Yu;WANG Yu-xi;QIU Yan-hong;ZHANG Hai-jun;WU Ping(Beijing Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China;China National Traditional Chinese Medicine Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100195,China;Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology,Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;School of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100093,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京100097 [2]中国中药有限公司,北京100195 [3]河北科技师范学院农学与生物科技系,河北秦皇岛066004 [4]中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京100093

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2020年第12期2043-2048,共6页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1701400);北京市农林科学院公益检测专项(yzx002);国家中药材产业技术体系遗传改良研究室建设项目(CARS-21)。

摘　　要：目的:明确甘草种子携带真菌及其致病性,对产自不同地区的4个批次甘草种子进行种子外部、内部携带真菌的检测与致病性分析。方法:通过将不同形态的真菌进行分离纯化、显微形态学观察、以及16 S内转录间隔区(ITS)序列比对等方法确定分离真菌的种属,并将分离菌株回接到甘草幼苗确定其是否为致病菌。结果:甘草种子外部携带的真菌主要为青霉属Penicillium spp.、曲霉属Aspergillus spp.、链格孢属Alternaria spp.、芽枝状枝孢霉Cladosporium cladosporioides、毛霉属Mucor spp.、立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani等;内部携带的真菌主要为青霉属Penicillium spp.、曲霉属Aspergillus spp.、链格孢属Alternaria spp.和尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum。不同批次甘草种子外部携带的真菌具有显著性差异,同时甘草种子外部带菌量和内部带菌率存在正相关关系,可以通过甘草种子外部带菌量推测甘草种子内部带菌率。通过致病性测试确定具有致病性的真菌有立枯丝核菌R.solani、尖孢镰刀菌F.oxysporum。结论:结果可为甘草种子药剂处理预防种传病害提供参考。Objective:In this experiment,both internal and external seed-borne fungi from four batches of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)seeds were isolated by culturing on potato dextrose agar medium.Methods:Identificaiton of the isolated fungi was conducted by morphology observation,and 16 S ITS PCR sequence amplification.Licorice seedlings were inoculated with the fungal isolates for pathogenicity test following Koch′s postulates.Results:The results showed that the external seed-borne fungi were mainly Penicillium spp.,Aspergillus spp.,Alternaria spp.,Cladosporioides cladosporioides,Mucor spp.,Rhizoctonia solani.The fungi seed carried internally included Penicillium spp.,Aspergillus spp.,Alternaria spp.and Fusarium oxysporum.There were significant differences in the fungal amount and species between different batches of licorice seeds.There was a positive correlation between the fungal amoun on the external seed and the seed internal infection rate,which indicated that the seed internal infection rate could be predicted by the external fungal amount on seed.Pathogenicity test confirmed two pathogenic fungal isolates,R.solani and F.oxysporum.Conclusion:This study provides basic data for developping treatment for licorice seed to prevent seed-borne diseases.

关 键 词：甘草 种子 真菌 检测 立枯丝核菌 尖孢镰刀菌 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]