广东省2015—2018年5岁以下儿童死亡原因分析  

Under-five mortality in Guangdong province,2015-2018

作　　者：罗灿[1] 王雄虎[1] 朱颖贤 钟银莉 LUO Can;WANG Xiong-hu;ZHU Ying-xian(Guangdong Women and Children Hospital,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province 511442,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省妇幼保健院保健部,广东广州511442

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2021年第2期346-349,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：2019年广东省医学科学研究基金项目(C2019065)。

摘　　要：目的及时掌握广东省5岁以下儿童死亡率、辖区内各地市死亡率以及死因构成变化情况,为降低5岁以下儿童死亡率提供干预措施。方法按照《全国妇幼卫生调查制度》有关要求收集广东省2015—2018年20057名5岁以下儿童死亡监测数据,对收集数据进行整理、统计和分析。结果2015—2018年广东省新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率、5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为1.37‰、2.06‰和2.73‰,新生儿死因顺位前5名是早产或低出生体重(21.97%)、出生窒息(18.43%)、其他新生儿疾病(12.40%)、其他先天性异常(7.08%)、先天性心脏病(5.70%)。4年间婴儿期及5岁以下儿童(不含婴儿期)的前5位死因构成大致相同,但各年间排位稍有差异。全省21个地级市5岁以下儿童死亡率高低不一,死因为“诊断不明”者比例逐年提升。结论广东省5岁以下儿童死亡率居于全国较低水平,行政部门采取的有关措施效果明显,但仍需因地制宜提供更个性化、覆盖孕产期和0~6岁儿童时期的保健医疗服务。Objective To investigate the under-5 mortality rate(U5MR)in Guangdong province and to analyze the variation in causes of U5MR for developing interventions for decreasing U5MR.Methods The data on 20057 deaths of children under 5 years old registered in Guangdong province from 2015 through 2018 were collected and analyzed statistically.Results The neonatal mortality rate(NMR),infant mortality rate(IMR),and U5MR were 1.37‰,2.06‰,and 2.73‰,respectively.The top five causes of the neonatal mortalities were preterm labor or low birth weight(21.97%),birth asphyxia(21.97%),other diseases of newborn(12.40%),other congenital anomalies(7.08%),and congenital heart disease(5.70%).During the 4-year period,the top five causes of the neonatal mortality and under five mortality were the same roughly,but the rank order of the top five causes of the mortalities varied slightly.The region-specific U5MR differed among the 21 municipalities of the province and the ratio of deaths with unclear diagnosis increased yearly.Conclusion The under-5 mortality rate was at a low level in Guangdong province during 2015-2018 at the national level,indicating that maternal and child healthcare measures are effective.

关 键 词：婴幼儿保健 儿童死因 5岁以下儿童 死亡 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]