施氮时序对盐碱土入渗特征参数影响的试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Influence of Nitrogen Application Sequence on the Characteristic Parameters of Saline-alkali Soil Infiltration

作　　者：吴晨涛 王春霞 周亮 胡松可 付博 WU Chen-tao;WANG Chun-xia;ZHOU Liang;HU Song-ke;FU bo(College of Water and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Key Laboratory of Modern Water-Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi 832003,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2021年第2期11-15,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“西北内陆区保水节水技术集成与应用”(2017YFC0404304);新疆联合基金项目“干旱区膜下滴灌农田生态系统水盐与养分运移及环境效应”(U1803244)。

摘　　要：为提高膜下滴灌的水肥一体化的水肥利用效率,以石河子周边农田盐碱土为研究对象,开展室内土箱入渗试验,对不同施氮时序W、W-N、N-W、W-N-W、W-W-N、N-W-W、N-W-N-W、N-W-W-N、W-N-NW(W-纯水灌溉,N-肥液灌溉)条件下的湿润锋、累积入渗量及入渗率进行观测,从而分析不同施氮时序对入渗特征参数的影响。结果表明:相同时间内,施氮时序对湿润锋水平运移距离和垂直运移距离有着显著影响,在试验结束时,各施氮时序处理下水平运移距离比W高21.28%,13.95%,21.28%,9.76%,22.92%,17.78%,26.00%,-2.78%;垂直运移距离分别比W处理下低14.67%,14.67%,28.00%,36.00%,22.67%,28.00%,22.67%,30.67%;各施氮处理下的湿润比显著高于W时序处理,N-W-W-N的方差较小,为0.14;灌水结束时,N-W-W-N下的累积入渗量比W-N-W(目前大田常用)时序高20%、累积入渗率最大,为17.98 mL/min。综上所述,N-W-W-N时序处理比W-N-W时序处理入渗性能好,湿润比稳定且变异程度小。应将N-W-W-N考虑应用于大田,从而进一步与W-N-W相比较,为大田膜下滴灌自动化水氮高效利用技术奠定基础。In order to improve the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of integrated water and fertilizer under drip irrigation under film,taking Shihezi surrounding farmland saline soil as the research object,the indoor soil box infiltration test was carried out,the different timing of W,W-N,N-W,W-N-W,W-W-W,W-W-N,N-W-W,N-W-N-W,N-W-W-N,W-N-N-W(W stands for pure water irrigation,N stands for liquid fertilizer irrigation)under the condition of wetting front,the cumulative infiltration and infiltration rate were observed,to analyze the influence of different nitrogen application time sequence on the infiltration characteristic parameters.The results showed that the horizontal migration distance and vertical migration distance of wetted front were significantly affected by nitrogen application sequence in the same time.At the end of the experiment,the horizontal migration distance of wetted front was 21.28%,13.95%,21.28%,9.76%,22.92%,17.78%,26.00%,-2.78%higher than that of the W treatment under different nitrogen application sequence.The vertical migration distance was 14.67%,14.67%,28.00%,36.00%,22.67%,28.00%,22.67%,30.67%,lower than that of the W treatment,respectively.The wetting ratio of nitrogen treatments was significantly higher than that of the W treatment,and the variance of N-W-W-N was small,namely 0.14;At the end of irrigation,the cumulative infiltration amount under N-W-W-N was 20%higher than that under W-N-W(commonly used in the field at present),and the cumulative infiltration rate was the highest,which was 17.98 mL/min.In conclusion,the infiltration performance of N-W-W-N time series treatment is better than that of W-N-W time series treatment,and the wetting ratio is stable and the variation degree is small.N-W-W-N should be considered and applied to the field,so as to further compare with W-N-W and lay a foundation for the efficient utilization of water and nitrogen for automatic drip irrigation under film in the field.

关 键 词：施氮时序 湿润锋 入渗量 入渗率 湿润比 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]