“耶路撒冷学派”与犹太民族主义史学的构建  

The Jerusalem School and the Construction of the Nationalist Historiography of the Jews

作　　者：艾仁贵[1] Ai Rengui

机构地区：[1]河南大学以色列研究中心、区域与国别研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2020年第6期113-128,I0006,I0007,共18页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“20世纪的历史学和历史学家”(项目编号:19ZDA235)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪二三十年代,一批受过欧洲现代学术训练的犹太学者群体移居巴勒斯坦,他们对犹太历史进行了浪漫化的解读,从而形成所谓的“巴勒斯坦中心史观”:强调犹太人是一个连续统一的民族有机体;主张以巴勒斯坦故土为中心重新解释犹太历史;淡化乃至否定流散地,把流散时代当作介于古代辉煌与现代复兴之间的中间期;同时,忽略和抹除阿拉伯人在当地的痕迹。这批被称为“耶路撒冷学派”的学者群体主要集中在耶路撒冷的希伯来大学,在建国前后直到20世纪80年代的以色列各级教育体系中占据着主导地位,对以色列的国民历史意识和大屠杀记忆的形塑产生了深远影响。作为民族主义史学的代表,“耶路撒冷学派”为犹太人在故土重构民族身份和创建现代国家提供了关键的学术支撑,但它也存在一些内在的缺陷。In the 1920 s and 1930 s,a group of Jewish scholars who were trained by modern European academic systems immigrated to Palestine. They interpreted the Jewish nation and Jewish history in a romantic way,forming the so-called ‘Palestinocentrism’which emphasised that the Jewish nation was a continuum of the unified national organism,advocated reinterpreting the Jewish history certred on the Eretz Israel,negated the existence of Diaspora and took the Diaspora Era as an intermediate period between ancient glory and modern revival. In the meantime,they also ignored and erased the traces of Arabs in the Land. These scholars known as the Jerusalem School mainly assembled at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. From the founding of the Israeli state to the 1980 s,the narrative of the Jerusalem School dominated Israel’s educational system at all levels and had a profound impact on the shaping of the Israeli citizens’ historical consciousness and Holocaust memory. As a representative of the nationalist historiography, the Jerusalem School provided the crucial academic support for the reconstruction of the national identity and creation of a modern state in the Jewish homeland.Nevertheless,it also had some inherent flaws.

关 键 词：耶路撒冷学派 犹太复国主义 民族主义史学 巴勒斯坦中心史观 大屠杀记忆 

分 类 号：K18[历史地理—历史学]