近20年来西方环境史视域下动物研究的发展动向  

The Development Trend of Animal Research from the Perspective of the Western Environment History during the Past Twenty Years

作　　者：张博 Zhang Bo

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院

出　　处：《世界历史》2020年第6期129-146,I0007,共19页World History

基　　金：陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)“草原放牧与野生动物的关联-近代以来内蒙古牧业生产变革途径的考察”(项目编号:2019TS129);国家社会科学基金重大项目“多卷本《中国生态环境史》”(项目编号:13&ZD080)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：环境史视域下的动物研究以动物为历史发展的主角,将人与动物的互动置于紧密联系、动态发展的生态网络中进行考察,揭示了动物在人类历史中的重要作用,使人们以新的视角全面认识人类社会的发展,并深刻体会到人类与动物是休戚相关的生命共同体。通过对近20年《环境史》杂志所刊相关文章以及部分西方环境史著作的梳理分析,可以发现西方环境史视域下的动物研究在时空范围上不断扩展,研究对象日益多元化和细化,研究方法和路径则注重多学科交叉、自然与社会的结合以及动态分析,研究议题也有所拓展和加深,且与现实问题紧密联系。虽然西方环境史视域下的动物研究仍存在诸多问题,但其仍在一定程度上值得我国相关研究领域学者辩证地分析和借鉴。The animal research from the perspective of the environment history takes animals as a leading character of the historical development,and investigates the interaction between human and animals through putting such interaction in a closely connected and dynamic ecological network.This not only reveals the significant role of animals in human history,but also enables people to comprehensively recognise the development of human society from a new perspective and deeply realise that both human and animals belong to a closely related community of lives.Through the analysis of articles published by Environmental History during the past twenty years and some monographs on the environmental history in the West,it can be found that animal research from the perspective of the environmental history in the West has been expanding in the scope of time and space,and the research objects have become more diverse and detailed.Moreover,its research methods and paths focus on the interdiscipline,the combination of nature and society,and the dynamic analysis.Its research topics have also expanded and deepened,and are closely related to the practical problems.Although there are still many problems existing in studies of animals from the perspective of the Western environmental history,it is worth learning dialectically for Chinese scholars who conduct their researches in the related fields.

关 键 词：环境史 动物研究 生命共同体 人类中心主义 生物中心主义 

分 类 号：Q95-09[生物学—动物学] X-09[环境科学与工程]