地膜覆盖类型对胡麻生理生长的影响  

Effects of Mulching Cultivation with Different Films on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Flax

作　　者：杨丽 王宗胜 刘杰 YANG Li;WANG Zong-sheng;LIU Jie(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang,Gansu 744000)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市农业科学院,甘肃平凉744400

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第4期37-42,52,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家特色油料产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-14-2-26)。

摘　　要：比较同一气候条件下不同类型地膜覆盖对胡麻生长的影响,为选择高效、环保的覆盖地膜材料提供理论依据。该研究选用普通地膜、生物降解膜、转光膜、黑色地膜4种材料,对胡麻全生育期进行平膜全覆盖,以不覆膜露地条播为对照,比较不同材料覆盖对土壤含水率、胡麻经济性状、根系、生物量、产量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,覆膜处理在土壤水分、根系指标、生物量和产量、水分利用效率增加方面较露地处理表现出优势,苗期0~20 cm土层,转光膜、普通地膜、黑色地膜、生物降解膜处理的水分含量分别较CK高16.67%、15.29%、14.85%、7.75%。普通地膜处理的产量最高,为1548.52 kg/hm 2,显著高于CK,各覆膜处理间没有差异,且转光膜、生物降解膜、黑色地膜处理与CK间无显著差异。普通地膜处理的水分利用效率最高,为7.25 kg/(hm 2·mm),其次是转光膜处理,为6.60 kg/(hm 2·mm),转光膜处理作为一种新型的地膜材料,为覆膜栽培提供了参考。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the choice of efficient and environmental friendly mulching materials,we compared the effects of different types of plastic film mulching on the growth of flax under the same climatic conditions.Four kinds of film materials,namely ordinary film(T1),biodegradable film(T2),light-transfer film(T3)and black mulch film(T4),were used to cover the whole film of the flax in the whole growth period,with the uncovered drilling as CK.We compared the effects of different material coverage on soil water content,economic traits of flax,roots,biomass,yield,and water use efficiency.The results showed that the treatment of covering plastic film showed an advantage over the soil moisture,root index,biomass,yield,and water use efficiency.At the seedling stage,0-20 cm soil layer,the moisture content of T3,T1,T4 and T2 was 16.67%,15.29%,14.85%and 7.75%higher than CK,respectively.The highest yield treatment was T1(1548.52 kg/hm 2),which was significantly higher than that of CK.There was no difference between the plastic cover treatments,and also no significant difference between T3,T2,T4 and CK.The water use efficiency of T1 was up to 7.25 kg/(hm 2·mm),followed by T3,6.6 kg/(hm 2·mm).T3 is a new type of mulching material,which provided a possibility for mulching cultivation.

关 键 词：胡麻 普通地膜 降解膜 转光膜 黑色地膜 产量 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]