微生物菌剂拌土对玉米茎基腐病的预防和促生效果  

Preventive and Promoting Efficacy of Microbial Agents Mixed with Soil against the Maize Stem Basal Rot in Ningxia

作　　者：沙月霞[1] 邢敏[1] 李明洋 王晨曦 王佳娟 沈瑞清[1] SHA Yue-xia;XING Min;LI Ming-yang(Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750011)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,宁夏银川750011 [2]宁夏大学生命科学院,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2021年第4期141-144,154,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发专项(2017YFD0201606);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02018-06)。

摘　　要：为研发用于宁夏玉米茎基腐病预防的微生物菌剂。温室条件下检测了3株芽孢杆菌对玉米茎基腐病的预防和促生效果,研究了3株菌的相容性,田间试验验证了复合微生物菌剂拌土对宁夏玉米茎基腐病的预防与促生效果。温室试验结果表明枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)HR15、萎缩芽孢杆菌(B.atrophaeus)HR37和贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(B.velezensis)HR55对宁夏玉米茎基腐病具有较明显的预防效果和促生长作用;相容性试验结果表明3株芽孢杆菌之间不存在相互抑制作用。田间试验结果证实微生物菌剂M1对宁夏玉米茎基腐病的预防效果达60%以上;微生物菌剂M2在乳熟期的预防效果为58.31%,蜡熟期达65.10%。2种复合微生物菌剂在乳熟期的防效与噁霉灵可湿性粉剂无显著差异,与微生物菌剂对照的防效之间有显著差异。微生物菌剂M1和M2明显促进玉米的出苗率和株高,对出苗率的促生效果与噁霉灵可湿性粉剂无显著差异。微生物菌剂M1和M2处理组的玉米产量高于噁霉灵可湿性粉剂与微生物菌剂对照处理组,有效增加有效穗数、千粒重、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数,明显降低玉米秃尖长度。微生物菌剂M1和M2可以有效预防宁夏玉米茎基腐病,为粮食安全和玉米可持续发展提供技术支撑。The research aimed to develop microbial agents against maize stem basal rot in Ningxia.The preventive and promoting efficacy of three Bacillus strains against maize stem basal rot under greenhouse condition was detected.The microbiological stand-off culture method was used to study the compatibility of three biocontrol bacteria.Field experiments were carried out to verify the impact on the prevention and growth promotion of compound microbial agents mixed with soil against the maize stem basal rot in Ningxia.B.subtilis HR15,B.atrophaeus HR37 and B.velezensis HR55 showed evident efficacy to prevent the maize stem basal rot and promote growing under greenhouse condition.The compatibility test showed that there was no mutual inhibition among three Bacillus strains.The results of field trial verified that the prevention efficacy of microbial agent M1 for the control of the maize stem basal rot in Ningxia reached more than 60%.The preventive efficacy of microbial agent M2 in the milk-ripe stage and dough stage were 58.31%and 65.10%,respectively.At the milk-ripe stage,there was no significant difference for the prevention efficacy between two compound microbial agents and xanthomycin wettable powder,and there was significant difference between the prevention efficacy of two compound microbial agents and microbial agent control.The yield per unit area of microbial agents M1 and M2 were evident higher than xanthomycin wettable powder control and microbial agent control.In addition,the microbial agents M1 and M2 control effectively increased number of productive ear,1000-kernel weight,ear rows,line grain number,grain number per spike,and reduced the length of corn bald tip obviously.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 拌土 宁夏玉米茎基腐病 预防效果 促生效果 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学]