小水电站压力管道水动力学特性研究  

Study on hydrodynamic characteristics of pressure pipelines in small hydropower stations

作　　者：毛成 苏立 潘月国 刘卓娅 李林峰 沈春和 MAO Cheng;SU Li;PAN Yueguo;LIU Zhuoya;LI Linfeng;SHENG Chunhe(Electric Power Research Institute ofGuizhou Power Grid Co.,Ltd,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《人民长江》2021年第1期151-157,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：贵州电网小水电关键设备安全预警系统研究与应用示范(066600kk52170083)。

摘　　要：为研究我国西南地区小水电站压力管道内水动力学特性,以贵州省小东风水电站为例,采用流体计算软件CFD进行了三维湍流流动数值计算。研究结果表明:水电站平均流量下的压力管道水力损失为0.056 m,水力损失较小;不同流量下压力管道出口的流速均匀度均在92%以上,变化幅度在1%以内;不同流量下压力管道靠近转轮处的弯管内侧均存在高速区,弯管外侧均存在低速区,随着流量的增大,弯管内侧的高速区范围逐渐增大;在流量8~10 m3/s时弯管处速度梯度范围较小,涡旋也较少,压力管道较为稳定,不易发生压力管道振动的现象,流量或大或小局部静压的突变均较大,不利于压力管道的稳定运行;压力波动最大的位置为压力管道靠近转轮的弯道管内壁面。研究成果可为水电站压力管道振动特性研究、定期维护及传感器安装提供指导。In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of pressure pipeline in small hydropower stations in southwest China,taking the Xiaodongfeng Hydropower Station in Dafang county of Guizhou Province as an example,a numerical simulation for 3D turbulence was carried out by using fluid calculation software CFD.The results showed that the hydraulic loss of the pressure pipeline under the average flow of the hydropower station was 0.056m,relative small.The flow velocity uniformity at the outlet of the pressure pipeline under different flow rates was above 92%,and the variation range was within 1%.At different flow rates,there was a high-speed zone at the inside of the elbow of the pressure pipeline near the runner,and there was a low-speed zone at the outside of the elbow.As the flow increased,the range of the high-speed zone inside the elbow gradually increased.When the flow rate was 8~10m~3/s,the speed gradient range of the elbow was small,the vortex was little,the pressure pipeline was relatively stable,and the pressure pipeline vibration was not easy to occur.When the flow rate was too high or too low,the sudden change of partial static pressure were all large,which was not conducive to the stable operation of the pressure pipeline.The position of the largest pressure fluctuation was the inner wall surface of the pressure pipeline close to the runner.The research results can provide guidance for the study of vibration characteristics,regular maintenance and sensor installation of pressure pipes in hydropower stations.

关 键 词：压力管道 水动力特性 CFD 压力波动 小东风水电站 

分 类 号：TV134[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]