基于ANSYS车辆铲斗举升机构结构优化分析  

Structural Optimization Analysis of Vehicle Bucket Lifting Mechanism Based on ANSYS

作　　者：张宏阁[1] 张松泓 ZHANG Hong-ge;ZHANG Song-hong(College of Automotive Engineering,He’nan Polytechnic Institute,He’nan Nanyang 473000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工业职业技术学院汽车工程学院,河南南阳473000

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2021年第2期204-208,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2016GGJS-237)。

摘　　要：铲斗举升机构是保证货物装卸顺利进行的最重要单元,受力情况复杂。针对车辆的铲斗举升机构进行优化设计,根据机构的结构特点进行力学假设,对模型进行简化,获取受力情况特点,在此基础上对系统各主要单元的受力进行分析;基于有限单元法对系统各部分进行建模,以受力分析结果作为加载条件,分析三种典型工况下各部分的应力分布,获取应力最大点;从工艺和结构角度对机构进行结构优化;基于应变片法,对优化后结构的实车进行测试,以检验模型分析和优化设计的可靠性。结果可知:举升机构可以满足强度要求,但存在部分位置应力集中的特点。在应力集中位置采用连接工艺和设计结构优化等相结合的方式,对应力集中位置进行改进;采用直角应变片对优化设计后的样车进行整个铲装过程应力测试,测试值与优化后的仿真值之间的误差小于3%,且比原设计仿真值具有平均8%的降幅,表明优化设计方案是可行的,为此类设计提供参考。The bucket lifting mechanism is the most important unit to ensure the smooth loading and unloading of cargo,and the force is complicated.For the bucket lifting mechanism of the vehicle is optimized.According to the structural characteristics of the mechanism,the mechanics hypothesis is carried out,the model is simplified,and the characteristics of the force are obtained.On this basis,the force of each main unit of the system is analyzed.Based on the finite element method,the parts of the system are modeled,and the stress analysis results are used as loading conditions.The stress distribution of each part under three typical working conditions is analyzed to obtain the maximum stress point.The structure is optimized from the perspective of process and structure.Based on the strain gauge method,the real vehicle with optimized structure is tested to verify the reliability of model analysis and optimization design.The results show that the lifting mechanism can meet the strength requirements,but there are some characteristics of positional stress concentration.Improve the stress concentration position by combining the connection process and the design structure optimization in the stress concentration position.The stress concentration position is improved by combining the connection process and design structure optimization.The right-angle strain gauge is used to stress test the optimized design of the prototype during the entire shovel loading process.The error between the test value and the optimized simulation value is less than 3%,and the average design simulation value has an average 8%decrease,indicating that the optimized design is feasible.This type of design provides a reference.

关 键 词：车辆 铲斗 举升机构 有限单元法 应变片 试验 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U469.3[机械工程—车辆工程]