丘陵山区低矮树型果园立式微耕机的设计与试验  

Design and Experimental Study of Vertical Micro-Cultivator for Low Trees in Hilly Orchard

作　　者：陈平录[1,2] 许静 翟因敏[1,2] 刘木华 CHEN Ping-lu;XU Jing;ZHAI Yin-min;LIU Mu-hua(College of Engineering,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Jiangxi Nanchang 330045,China;Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment,Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学工学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省现代农业装备重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2021年第2期299-303,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660349);江西省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(20141BBF60056);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201810410061)。

摘　　要：针对现有微耕机在丘陵山区低矮树型果园作业时,存在的机型过高、耕深不稳定以及无法同时施肥的问题,设计了一种由螺旋刀、减速器、耕深控制机构、施肥机构等组成的新型立式微耕机。通过对微耕机减速传动装置的结构优化使机器能适应低矮果树要求;设计了伸缩轴式耕深调节机构使三套立式耕刀在垂直方向相互独立,根据刀具的入土阻力,优选弹簧刚度以解决山区作业耕深不稳定的问题;研制了一套简易施肥机构,工作中施肥滚子角速度与行走轮行进速度同步,实现了均匀施肥。田间试验表明,所研制的新型立式微耕机具有400mm的机型高度、平均耕深为106mm、测定面积内平均施肥量为24g,能够较好适应丘陵山区低矮树型果园的作业需求。Since the existing micro-cultivator is not suitable for low trees in hilly orchard because of its high structure,unstable tillage depth and unable to apply fertilization synchronously,a new vertical micro-cultivator,consisting of spiral knife,gearbox,tillage depth control mechanism and fertilizing mechanism,is designed.The height of micro-cultivator was reduced to make it available for low trees through optimizing the construction of gearbox.A new type of tillage depth control mechanism using the telescopic shaft and spring is design to achieve independence of three sets of spiral knives in the vertical direction and the spring stiffness is optimized according to the penetrating force of knife in order to maintain the stable tillage depth.A fertilization mechanism is designed and its fertilization roller is kept speed synchronized with the road wheel of micro-cultivator to apply fertilizeruniformly.The field experiment shows that the new vertical micro-cultivator has the height of 400mm,an average depth of 106mm and an average amount of 24g in the measured area,which can be better adapted to the demands of operation for low trees in hilly orchard.

关 键 词：微耕机 立式 稳定耕深 施肥 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] S222[农业科学—农业机械化工程]