碳点的设计合成、结构调控及应用  

Synthesis,Structure Control and Applications of Carbon Dots

作　　者：孙海珠[1,2] 杨国夺 杨柏[1] SUN Haizhu;YANG Guoduo;YANG Bai(State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials,College of Chemistry,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;College of Chemistry,National&Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学化学学院,超分子结构与材料国家重点实验室,长春130012 [2]东北师范大学化学学院,动力电池国家‐地方联合工程实验室,长春130024

出　　处：《高等学校化学学报》2021年第2期349-365,共17页Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:22035001,51433003,21774041,21574018);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(批准号:2412019ZD002);国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2016YFB0401701)资助.

摘　　要：碳点是一类环境友好且性能独特的纳米粒子,在光电转换、生物医学、催化及储能等领域的研究日益活跃.碳点主要分为碳量子点(CQDs)、石墨烯量子点(GQDs)和碳化聚合物点(CPDs),其中CPDs作为一种新型碳点,具有合成原料广泛、碳化程度及共轭结构可调且材料相容性好等优点.本文综合评述了近年来碳点尤其是CPDs的合成方法;阐述了通过选择前驱体分子、控制反应条件及掺杂原子等手段实现对其碳化和共轭程度、晶格和能级结构的调控,从而建立碳点及其杂化与复合材料微纳结构与性能之间的关系;最后,介绍了碳点在生物标记与成像、光(电)催化、光电转换及储能等领域的应用,并对碳点领域的发展前景进行了展望.Carbon dot(CD)is a kind of environmental friendly nanoparticles that have attracted much interests in the field of photoelectric materials,catalysis and biomedicine,etc.As a novel kind of CDs,carbonized polymer dots(CPDs)possess lots of active sites,controllable conjugated structure and good compatibility,showing great potential.In this review,the synthetic approaches and characterization ways are summarized,including how to establish the relationship between precursor structure,micro-nano structure of CPDs as well as their properties through introducing hybrid atoms,and tuning the groups and active sites,as well as defects on the surface of CPDs,the carbonized procedure,crystal structure,conjugated degree and energy levels.The applications of the CPDs and their hybrid and composites in photo(electro)catalysis,photoelectric conversion and energy storage are introduced.At last,the issues to be addressed and the prospective of carbon dots are proposed.

关 键 词：碳化聚合物点 构效关系 碳点 

分 类 号：O634[理学—高分子化学]