上游建筑孔洞特性对下游建筑自然通风潜力的影响及其CFD模拟可靠性  

Effect of the porosity the upstream building on the natural ventilation of the downstream building and the reliability of its computational fluid dynamics simulation

作　　者：付琳莉 殷维 王天文 张国强[2] FU Linli;YIN Wei;WANG Tianwen;ZHANG Guoqiang(School of Civil Engineering,Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligently Prefabricated Passive House,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,Hunan,P.R.China;School of Architecture,Hunan University,Changsha 410007,P.R.Chin)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学土木工程学院,湖南省智慧建造装配式被动房工程技术研究中心,湖南湘潭411201 [2]湖南大学建筑学院,长沙410007

出　　处：《土木与环境工程学报（中英文）》2021年第1期229-242,共14页Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51308206,51474105);International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2014DFA72190)。

摘　　要：自然通风能有效降低室内污染物浓度,包括稀释生物气溶胶浓度,穿堂风是其主要形式之一。但在人口稠密的城市,建筑之间的遮挡作用会明显降低通风效果。以两栋建筑为研究对象,讨论上游建筑的9种情形,包括不同的开窗面积与位置,对下游建筑穿堂风潜力的影响。讨论一个来流方向、两栋建筑中心线在位于这个来流方向的直线上、间距为两倍建筑宽度的情形,分析基于稳态RANS模型(Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes)的CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)模拟风压的可靠性,结果显示,部分情形CFD模拟的可靠性不高。相对于上游建筑5%与10%的孔隙率,20%的孔隙率难以通过CFD模拟出下游建筑物的风压。风洞实验数据显示,下游建筑物的穿堂风通风潜力随上游建筑物开窗面积的增加而降低,这与一般认识相反。Natural ventilation can reduce the concentration of indoor pollutants,including that of biological aerosols.It does this mainly by cross ventilation.However,in closely built-up cities,the shielding effect between buildings will significantly reduce the ventilation effect.Previous studies rarely considered the effects of a building’s characteristics on other buildings.This preliminary study takes two buildings and investigates the influence of the position and size of nine different windows on their cross ventilation potential.It focuses on only one direction of incoming flow where the distance between the two buildings is two times the width of the building,first,analyzing the reliability of the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation based on steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations.The results reveal that the reliability of the computational fluid dynamics simulation in some cases is insufficient and that with a simulation of 20%porosity it is difficult to reproduce the wind pressure on a downstream building by computational fluid dynamics in comparison to 10%or 5%porosity.The different simulation reliability may be caused by the instability of the airflow between the buildings.However,using data from the wind tunnel,we found that the cross ventilation potential of the downstream building decreases with the increase of the window area of the upstream building,which is contrary to general beliefs.

关 键 词：自然通风 穿堂风 建筑遮挡作用 CFD可靠性 风洞实验 

分 类 号：TU834.1[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]