河南省南部稻麦轮作区除草剂的筛选及其对小麦安全性  

Screening of Herbicides against Weeds and Safety Evaluation on Wheat in Rice-wheat Rotation Area Southern Henan

作　　者：尹志刚 李刚 徐洪乐[2] 于思贤 周国勤 李宇峰 陈金平 吴仁海[2] YIN Zhi-gang;LI Gang;XU Hong-le;YU Si-xian;ZHOU Guo-qin;LI Yu-feng;CHEN Jin-ping;WU Ren-hai(Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang 464000,Henan,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Aikefeng Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450045,China)

机构地区：[1]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000 [2]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州450002 [3]河南艾科丰农业科技有限公司,郑州450045

出　　处：《农药》2021年第1期74-78,共5页Agrochemicals

基　　金：河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金(2016YQ11);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-05B);河南省小麦产业技术体系项目(Z2010-01-01)。

摘　　要：[目的]筛选对豫南稻麦轮作区麦田杂草防除效果良好的除草剂,并明确其对小麦的安全性。[方法]分别在冬季和春季使用不同种类的除草剂在不同剂量下喷雾处理,调查其对麦田4种杂草的防治效果及对小麦生长和产量构成因素的影响。[结果]炔草酯135 g a.i./hm2春季使用时,对田禾本科杂草看麦娘株防效为98.68%,鲜重防效为99.39%,较冬季施药的株防效提高1.82%,鲜重防效提高4.42%;氯氟吡氧乙酸300 g a.i./hm2春季使用时,对繁缕、碎米荠和稻槎菜株防效分别为99.89%、100%和76.91%,较冬季施药分别提高3.76%、1.76%和5.48%;甲基二磺隆22.5 g a.i./hm2春季除草使用时,导致小麦部分植株株高降低,穗粒数减少,千粒重降低;2甲4氯钠3360 g a.i./hm2冬季除草使用时,导致小麦全部植株株高降低,单位面积穗数减少。[结论]豫南稻茬麦田除草宜在春季进行,防除禾本科杂草宜选用炔草酯,防除阔叶杂草宜选用氯氟吡氧乙酸,效果好,安全性高。[Aims] This study aims to screen out a herbicide with good control effect on weeds of wheat field in Rice-wheat otation area southern Henan and to clarify its safety on wheat. [Methods] Different kinds of herbicides were sprayed at different doses in winter and spring respectively, the control effect of different herbicides on four weeds and the influence on wheat growth and yield components were determined respectively under field condition. [Results] The control effect on gramineous weeds Alopecurus aequalis of chodinafop-propargyl at 135 g a.i./ha in spring was 98.68 and 99.39%, respectively, which were 1.82(plant control) and 4.42%(fresh weight control) higher than those in winter.The control effect of Fluroxypyr at 300 g a.i./ha on broad-leaved weeds Stellaria media, Cardamine hirsuta and Lapsana apogonoides in spring was 99.89, 100 and 76.91%, respectively, with 3.76, 1.76 and 5.48% higher than those in winter.Mesosulfuron-methyl at 22.5 g a.i./ha was used for chemical weeding in spring, which resulted in the decrease of some wheat plant height and reduction of the grain number of spike and 1000-grain weight. MCPA(Na) at 3360 g a.i./ha was used for chemical weeding in winter was easy to produce phytotoxicity, which resulted in the decrease of all wheat plant height and reduce of panicle number per unit. [Conclusions] In rice-wheat rotation area southern Henan, the chemical control weed of wheat field should be carried out in spring. The control of gramineous weeds appropriately chooses chodinafop-propargyl, and the control of broad-leaved weeds appropriately chooses fluroxypyr, which has better effect and safety.

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 杂草 除草剂 药害 

分 类 号：S482.4[农业科学—农药学]