反相胶束与微乳液萃取分离金属离子研究进展  

Research Progress on Extraction of Metal Ions by Reversed Micelles and Microemulsions

作　　者：罗越 冯汕城 沈兴海[1] LUO Yue;FENG Shan-cheng;SHEN Xing-hai(Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences,Fundamental Science on Radiochemistry and Radiation Chemistry Laboratory,Center for Applied Physics and Technology,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京分子科学国家研究中心,放射化学与辐射化学重点学科实验室,应用物理与技术研究中心,北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《核化学与放射化学》2021年第1期21-38,I0001,共19页Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry

基　　金：科学挑战计划项目(TZ2016004);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1830202)。

摘　　要：微乳液(microemulsion)体系由于具有比表面积大、易于分离和增溶能力良好的优点,在萃取分离领域有着广泛的应用。萃取过程中,一些萃取剂与金属离子结合生成配合物,进而聚集形成反相胶束(reversed micelle)。随着金属离子浓度的提高,反相胶束的结构可能改变甚至发生二次组装。萃取过程也可基于经设计的油包水(W/O)微乳液进行。本文将微乳液萃取机理分为两种:(1)典型萃取剂经皂化、质子化等处理后作为表面活性剂,或直接以常规表面活性剂在萃取有机相构筑W/O微乳液而进行萃取;(2)典型萃取剂作为助表面活性剂,增溶在常规表面活性剂构筑的微乳液体系中实现对水相金属离子的萃取,其中典型萃取剂为功能组分,而常规表面活性剂为结构组分。协同萃取和萃取第三相形成机理,是萃取化学研究领域备受关注的重要科学问题。本文试图从反相胶束和微乳液的角度总结、分析协同萃取和萃取第三相形成的机理。另外,还介绍了离子液体在微乳液萃取体系中的应用,以及几项微乳化新技术。最后,对反相胶束和微乳液萃取研究进行了总结与展望。Microemulsion systems have been widely studied in the field of extraction and separation due to their advantages of large specific surface area,convenient separation and good solubilization.In the extraction process,the extractants combine with metal ions to form complexes,which further aggregate to form reversed micelles.With an increase in the concentration of metal ion,the reversed micelles might undergo a structural change or even secondary assembly.Considering that the extraction process can be also based on the designed water-in-oil(W/O)microemulsion,the extraction mechanism is divided into two types:(1)A typical extractant,which is saponified or protonated,or a conventional surfactant act as the main component constructing the W/O microemulsion to extract metal ions;(2)Together with a conventional surfactant,a typical extractant serves as the cosurfactant constructing the W/O microemulsion to extract metal ions,in which the former is the structural component and the latter the functional component.The mechanisms of the synergism and the formation of third phase in extraction have always been important scientific issues in the field of extraction chemistry.In this review,the mechanism of synergistic extraction and the formation of third phase in terms of reversed micelles and W/O microemulsions is clarified.In addition,the application of ionic liquid based microemulsions on extraction as well as several new separation techniques with microemulsions are introduced.In the end,the perspective of extraction concerning reversed micelles and W/O microemulsions is presented.

关 键 词：反相胶束 微乳液 萃取分离 聚集体 第三相 

分 类 号：O615[理学—无机化学]