国际要素流动和商品贸易对环境效率的影响研究  

Research on Impact of International Factor Flow and Commodity Trade on Environmental Efficiency

作　　者：孙青 张晓青 路广 SUN Qing;ZHANG Xiaoqing;LU Guang(School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872, China;College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China;College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学社会与人口学院,北京100872 [2]山东师范大学地理与环境学院,济南250358 [3]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《地域研究与开发》2021年第1期144-149,共6页Areal Research and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BRK012);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014DM001)。

摘　　要：以54个国家为研究对象,测算1992—2017年各国环境效率及差异,探究劳动力、资金、人力资本等要素流动和商品贸易对环境效率的影响,探寻各个影响因素对不同发展阶段国家及要素流入国和流出国影响的差异性。结果表明:(1)各国环境效率均值呈现波动式增长,高、中、低收入国家存在显著差异。(2)环境效率的总体差异在波动中下降,不同收入水平国家间差异较小,高收入国家的组内差距是造成总体差异的主要原因。(3)高收入国家的资金流动是影响环境效率的主要因素,中收入国家中商品贸易的影响显著,低收入国家的劳动力流动、人力资本流动、商品贸易影响较为明显。(4)在流入国和流出国中,劳动力、资金、人力资本流动和商品贸易对环境效率产生不同的影响。Based on the data of 54 countries from 1992 to 2017,measured environmental efficiency and differences and explores the impact of factors such as labor,capital,human capital and commodity trade on environmental efficiency,and researched the differences in the impact of countries at different stages of development,inflows and outflows countries.The results show that the environmental efficiency of each country is in a“two-pole”distribution pattern,and there are significant differences among high,medium and low-income countries.The intra-group gap in high-income countries is the main reason for the overall difference.In high-income countries,capital flows is the main factors affecting environmental efficiency,the impact of commodity trade in middle-income countries is significant,and the impact of labor flows,human capital and commodity trade in low-income countries is more obvious.In the inflowing countries,labor inflows and capital inflows show an inverted“N-type”curve,and human capital inflows and manufacturing product inflows are positively correlated.In the outflowing countries,there is a linear negative correlation between labor outflow and human capital outflow,and the outflow of funds is linearly positively correlated,the outflow of commodity trade is“inverted N-type”curve.

关 键 词：要素流动 商品贸易 环境效率 SBM-Undesirable模型 TOBIT模型 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]