不同取样方法对小麦小孢子和花粉育性检测的影响  

Effect of Different Sampling Methods on Microspore Development and Pollen Fertility Detection of Wheat

作　　者：刘海英[1] 甄俊琦 茹振钢[2] 董娜[2] 冯必得 LIU Haiying;ZHEN Junqi;RU Zhengang;DONG Na;FENG Bide(College of Life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan 453007,China;Center of Wheat Research,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang,Henan 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007 [2]河南科技学院小麦中心,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2021年第1期30-36,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0101602);河南省自然科学基金项目(182300410095)。

摘　　要：为了研究不同取样方法对小麦花粉育性统计结果准确性的影响,以小麦温敏雄性不育系BNS366及其近等基因系郑麦366为试验材料,分别设置早播和晚播两个播期,采用全穗取粉和中部取粉两种取样方法,所取花粉分别用I2-KI法、醋酸洋红法和DAPI法染色后进行显微观察,并统计花粉可育率和自交结实率。结果表明,郑麦366和BNS366的花粉粒在两种取样方法下,3种方法染色后,花粉粒形态基本一致,其花粉育性无显著差异。早播BNS366花粉可育率、国际法自交结实率和国内法自交结实率在3种方法染色后均为零;醋酸洋红法染色后早播郑麦366花粉可育率与国内法自交结实率无显著差异,均显著或极显著低于国际法自交结实率,除了上述两种情况以外,其他播期材料花粉可育率一般与国际法自交结实率无显著差异,显著高于国内法自交结实率。总之,中部取粉和全穗取粉对花粉育性检测结果无实质性影响,均可以用来预测国际法自交结实率;中部取粉较为简便,全穗取粉科学严谨程度较高,在实际工作中可根据需要自由选择。In order to investigate the effect of different sampling methods on the accuracy of pollen fertility determination of wheat,the thermo-sensitive male-sterile wheat line BNS366 and its near-isogenic line Zhengmai 366 were used as the materials with two sowing dates:early sowing and late sowing.Two sampling methods were used:taking pollens from the whole spikelets and from the middle spikelets.The pollens were stained with I2-KI method,acetic acid carmine method and DAPI method.The pollen fertility and self-pollination rate were determined.The results showed that the morphology of pollens of Zhengmai 366 and BNS366 were basically same among the three staining methods,and there was no significant difference in their pollen fertility.And after three staining methods,the pollen fertility rate,the self-pollination rate determined by international method and domestic method of BNS366 under early sowing were zero.The pollen fertility rate of Zhengmai 366 under early sowing stained by acetic acid carmine method was close to that determined by domestic method,which is significantly lower than that determined by international method.Except for the above two cases,the pollen fertility rate of other materials was generally similar to that of international method,and higher than that of domestic method.The results showed that middle and whole ear sampling had no significant effect on the results of pollen fertility test,and it can be used to predict the self-pollination rate by international method.As the middle part of spike for sampling pollens is relatively simple,and the whole spike for sampling pollens is relatively rigorous,it is suggested to be freely selected according to the needs in practical work.

关 键 词：小麦 取样方法 温敏雄性不育 小孢子发育 花粉育性检测 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330