我国金属矿山粉尘防治技术研究现状及展望  

Study Status and Prospect of Dust Control Technology for Metal Mines in China

作　　者：李刚 吴将有[1,2,3] 金龙哲 郭敬中[4,5] LI Gang;WU Jiangyou;JIN Longzhe;GUO Jingzhong(Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;Huawei National Engineering Research Center of High Efficient Cyclic Utilization of Metallic Mineral Resources Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan 243000,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety and Health for Metal Mines,Maanshan 243000,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Safety Engineering College,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Lanfang 065201,China)

机构地区：[1]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究总院股份有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]华唯金属矿产资源高效循环利用国家工程研究中心有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]金属矿山安全与健康国家重点实验室,安徽马鞍山243000 [4]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [5]华北科技学院安全工程学院,河北廊坊065201

出　　处：《金属矿山》2021年第1期154-167,共14页Metal Mine

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(编号:2017YFC0805204);国家自然科学基金项目(编号:51874015)。

摘　　要：粉尘危害已经成为制约金属矿山生产安全、职业健康与环境的突出问题,金属矿山除尘大多采用湿式除尘和袋式除尘技术,现有的除尘技术虽然具有较高的除尘效率,但仍然存在阻力大、能耗高和应用效果不佳的不足,因而有必要对金属矿山粉尘防治技术进行深入思考。为了进一步改善矿山作业环境,提高安全清洁生产和职业健康水平,对国内外金属矿山粉尘防治技术进行了系统归纳和梳理,从通风排尘、密闭控尘、喷雾除尘、抑尘剂降尘、除尘器捕尘、幕帘隔尘等6个方面,综合分析了金属矿山粉尘防治技术的研究现状及其适用场所,同时指出了现阶段金属矿山粉尘防治技术存在的主要问题,并阐述了金属矿山粉尘防治技术研究的发展方向。研究表明:我国金属矿山粉尘职业危害治理和防尘技术研究方面已经取得了显著进展,未来应结合金属矿山粉尘分散度高、粒径小以及高湿、高浓度等特点,以高效率、低能耗、小型化、智能化为要求,采取集有效控尘、雾化凝集抑尘、过滤除尘等于一体的综合防尘控尘技术手段,实现金属矿山特殊环境空间微细粉尘有效通风控尘除尘技术和装备研发的突破,为未来金属矿山粉尘的科学防治提供思路,为实现科学采矿、加快绿色矿山建设进程提供重要的理论和技术支撑。The dust hazard has become a prominent problem restricting the production safety,occupational health and environment of metal mines.Wet dust removal and bag dust removal techniques are adopted by the dust removal operations in most metal mines.Although the existing dust removal technique has higher dust removal efficiency,it still has the disadvantages of large resistance,high energy consumption and poor application effect.Therefore,the dust prevention and control technology of metal mines should be considered deeply.In order to further improve the mine operating environment quality,promote safe and clean production and occupational health,through systematic induction and summary of the domestic and foreign dust control technology in metal mines,the study status of the dust control technology and its applicable sites are analyzed comprehensively from six aspects of ventilated dust,closed dust control,spray dust removal dust suppressant,dust catcher and curtain separation dust.At the same time,the main problems of metal mine dust prevention and control technology at the present stage are pointed out,and the development directions of the dust control technology of metal mines are summarized emphatically.The study results show that significant progress has been made in the study of oocupational hazard control and dust control technology for metal mines in China.In the future,it should combine the characteristics of metal mine dust such as high dispersion,small particle size,high humidity and high concentration,and take high efficiency,low energy consumption,miniaturization and intelligence as the requirements to adopt a comprehensive dust-control technology means integrating effective dust control,atomization condensing,dust suppression and filtration and dust removal is adopted to achieve a breakthrough in the study and development of dust control and removal technology and equipment for effective risk control of fine dust in special environment space of metal mines,and provides theoretical and technical support fo

关 键 词：金属矿山 粉尘危害 粉尘防治 研究现状 发展方向 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X505