旱作区不同降水年型垄作覆盖下冬小麦土壤水分动态变化研究  

Study on Dynamic Change of Soil Moisture of Winter Wheat under Ridge Covering in Dry Land in Different Rainfall Years

作　　者：李俊红 丁志强[1,2] 李舞 张洁[1,2] 吕军杰 姚宇卿 LI Jun-hong;DING Zhi-qiang;LI Wu;ZHANG Jie;LV Jun-jie;YAO Yu-qing(Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,China;Luoyang Dry-land Agriculture Test Site,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳农林科学院,河南洛阳471023 [2]中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2021年第2期47-53,共7页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家重点研发计划子课题(2018YFD0300707)。

摘　　要：利用长期定位试验,为探明豫西旱区一年两熟制不同降水年型垄作覆盖下底墒对冬小麦生产的影响,以及垄作覆盖下冬小麦土壤水分动态变化和运移规律,研究了不同降水年型垄作覆盖下冬小麦耗水量、降水利用效率、全生育期土壤含水量变化,以及冬小麦播种和收获时土壤含水量的垂直变化。结果表明:不同降水年型垄作覆盖冬小麦耗水量和降水利用效率与对照间的差异表现为欠水年<平水年<丰水年,冬小麦不同生育期0~200 cm土壤含水量、播种和收获时的土壤含水量垂直变化与对照间的差异均表现为欠水年>平水年>丰水年。冬小麦不同生育期0~20 cm土壤含水量与对照间差异则表现为平水年>欠水年>丰水年。说明豫西旱区一年两熟制冬小麦产量受底墒和生育期降雨分布的影响较大,垄作覆盖具有提高蓄水保墒和土壤供水的能力,尤其是0~20 cm耕层土壤在受旱的情况下垄作覆盖有较好的保墒效果。丰水年降雨充沛在一定程度上削弱了耕作措施的应用效果。In order to find out the effect of soil moisture under ridge mulching in different rainfall years on winter wheat pro⁃duction,the dynamic change and movement of soil moisture,the water consumption,precipitation utilization efficiency,the change of soil moisture content in the whole growth period under ridge mulching in different rainfall years,the vertical change of soil water content during wheat sowing and harvesting were studied.The results showed that the differences of water consumption and utilization efficiency of precipitation between different years of ridge planting and the control were as follows:under water year<normal water year<high water year.The differences of soil water content of 0~200 cm in different growth periods of winter wheat and the vertical changes of soil water content during sowing and harvesting were as follows:under water year>normal water year>high water year.The differences of soil water content between 0~20 cm in different growth stages of winter wheat and the control were as follows:normal year>under water year>high water year.The results indicated that the yield of Winter Wheat with two crops in one year was greatly affected by the soil moisture and rainfall distribution in the growing period in the west of Henan Province.The ridge mulching could improve the ability of water storage and soil water supply,and it had a better effect of soil moisture storage especially in the case of drought in 0~20 cm plough soil.Abundant rainfall in wet year weakened the applica⁃tion effect of cultivation measures to a certain extent.

关 键 词：旱作区 不同降水年型 垄作覆盖 冬小麦 水分 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]